one of the big concerns of big cities is facing with the increase of fossil fuel vehicles in the roads. the cars intensify greenhouse gas emission in civic centers. one approach to reduce the emission is replacing the cars by plug-in electric vehicles (pevs). in spite of reducing the emission, pevs have some adverse effect on electric distribution networks. technical challenges such as load and...

gene therapy as a modern therapeutic approach has not yet advanced to a globally-approved therapeutic approach. lack of adequate reliable gene delivery system seems to be one of the major reasons from the pharmaceutical biotechnology point of view. main obstacles delaying successful application of human gene therapy are presented in this review. the unique advantages of non-biological gene carr...

silicon nanowire (sinw) arrays were produced by electroless method on polycrystalline si substrate, in hf/ agno3 solution. although the monocrystalline silicon wafer is commonly utilized as a perfect substrate, polycrystalline silicon as a low cost substrate was used in this work for photovoltaic applications. in order to study the influence of etching time (which affects the sinws length) on d...

this study was undertaken in order to ascertain the carrier rate of group a hemolytic streptococci in the throats of pupils in selected schools of tehran, and to evaluate the role of socio-economical factors on carrier state. during the period of six months, 7020 children and adolescents, aged 10 to 17, were studied. these pupils were visited at their schools and their socio-economical level wa...

conclusions similarly to other geographical regions of iran, the sccmec type iii mrsa strain was the most frequently isolated strain from patients in gorgan. staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type iii showed fewer virulence factors compared to other sccmec types. results the most common sccmec type was type iii, with a frequency rate of 76%, followed by types iv, i, and v, with frequency r...

Postnatal horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in early childhood seems to be the predominant method by which high hepatitis B carrier rates in the Middle East are maintained. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive status among siblings of HBV carriers is similar during childhood and adulthood, suggesting that childhood intrafamilial transmission patterns p...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of domestic and wild cervids in North America. To address possible prevention regimens for CWD, we have used a mouse model system and the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) mouse-adapted scrapie prion strain to screen efficacy of potential vaccine candidates. Three peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence...

We report a rare case of resected hepatic AML, which was misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in a chronic hepatitis B carrier. A 45-year-old woman who was a carrier of hepatitis B virus infection presented with a hepatic tumor. Her serum alpha-fetoprotein level was normal. Ultrasonography revealed a round and well-circumscribed echogenic hepatic tumor measuring 2.5 cm in the segment VI. On...

The molecular basis of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) has recently been elucidated and the defective gene identified and isolated. Two restriction fragment-length polymorphisms have been identified using the X-CGD cDNA probe. We have analyzed eight families with X-CGD and seven normal, unrelated females and have demonstrated that these polymorphisms are not in linkage disequilib...