Greenwood et al.1) used the expression, "experimental epidemiology" for the laboratory study on animal diseases analogous to human complaints. A controlled experiment in which one variable is manipulated is essential in order to test a hypothesis of disease etiology. An animal model of human diseases has been used extensively in order to discover the mechanism that spreads infectious diseases. ...

Total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured in maternal serum at 10-14 weeks of gestation from 53 pregnancies affected by trisomy 18, 42 cases with trisomy 13, 46 with Turner's syndrome and 13 with other sex aneuploides. The only significant association was the finding of reduced levels of total hCG in cases of trisomy 18 and 13. The association of increas...

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is the most common chromosomal abnormality among liveborn infants. It is the most frequent form of intellectual disability caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach to the ongoing evaluation and monitoring for associated congenital anomalies and acquired disorders.Trisomy 21 is characterized by a ...

provides another reason for recommending that any pregnancy in subfertile couples, whether achieved naturally or through infertility treatment, is carefully monitored by a fetal medicine specialist, with detailed antenatal imaging. Given the possible link between infertility treatment and anomalies, counselling of affected couples in relation to future pregnancies may be more complex and requir...

BACKGROUND Simian crease is usually associated with some chromosomal anomalies and syndromes but it is also seen in some populations without any chromosomal defects. OBJECTIVE To see the incidence of simian crease in children without chromosomal anomalies and to detect the Ethnic group variations. METHODS A prospective study in children attending the paediatric outpatient department of Mani...

Purpose To describe the frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities found in abortion material, and to observe its correlation to maternal age. Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on data obtained from the databank of a medical genetics laboratory in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. A total of 884 results from products of conception analysis were included, 204 of which were analyzed by cy...