In situ hybridization techniques typically employ chromogenic staining by enzymatic amplification to detect domains of gene expression. We demonstrate the previously unreported near infrared (NIR) fluorescence of the dark purple stain formed from the commonly used chromogens, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP). The solid reaction product has significant...

Purpose: The level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 aids in the determination of prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry is currently the predominant method for assessment, but differences in methods and interpretation can substantially affect the accuracy, resulting in misclassification. Here, we investigated the association of microarray-b...

Spatial and temporal visualization of RNA transcripts in tissue is a key tool in studying both developmental and pathological processes. In situ hybridization is a highly sensitive method for RNA transcript detection. It is based on sequence complementation between a labeled RNA probe and the RNA transcript of interest. The labeled probe is then detected by immunohistochemical methods using an ...

Background and Aim: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) was recently reported in Malaysian commercial pig population 2020 by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealing a molecular prevalence of 17.02% the sampled domestic population. This study aims to describe chromogenic situ hybridization (ISH) technique using digoxigenin (DIG)- labeled cloned PCV3 open reading frame 1 (ORF1) fragment D...

The selection of therapy for a particular breast cancer patient is traditionally based on average results from randomized clinical trials. Rational pharmacotherapy is in essence about selecting the right drug(s) for the right patient, and in order to guide this selection process pharmacodiagnostic tests are indispensable. A number of tests have been developed or are under development for target...