Permeability of the cardiac cell membrane to choline ions was estimated by measuring radioactive choline influx and efflux in cat ventricular muscle. Maximum values for choline influx in 3.5 and 137 mM choline were respectively 0.56 and 9 pmoles/cm(2).sec. In 3.5 mM choline the intracellular choline concentration was raised more than five times above the extracellular concentration after 2 hr o...

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is a widely used industrial solvent known to cause adverse effects to human and other mammals. Organs with high metabolism and rapid cell division, such as testes, are especially sensitive to its actions. In order to gain mechanistic understanding of EGME-induced toxicity, an untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed in rats. Male rats were administra...

A new micromethod for the determination of sphingomyelin in samples suspended in aqueous solutions, and modified micromethods for determining phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol were used to determine phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin (detection limits of 1.8 mumol/l), and phosphatidylglycerol (detection limit of 2.3 mumol/l) in lipid dispersions, membranes from sheep erythrocytes ...

introduction: 18f-choline pet-ct is an increasingly used technique in patients with prostate cancer. the main indication is to localise the disease in patients with biochemical recurrence. to accurately interpret 18f-choline pet, knowledge of normal tracer distribution is paramount. the aim of this study was to describe the normal distribution pattern of 18f-choline by measuring the maximum sta...

Dysregulated cholinergic signaling is an early hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), usually ascribed to degeneration of cholinergic neurons induced by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). It is now generally accepted that neuronal dysfunction and memory deficits in the early stages of AD are caused by the neuronal impact of soluble Aβ oligomers (AβOs). AβOs build up in AD brain and specifically attach to...

The majority of the dehydrogenases of mammalian mitochondria are linked to the respiratory chain (cytochrome system) by way of pyridine nucleotides. Although the intramitochondrial pyridine nucleotide appears to be tightly bound in intact mitochondrial preparations (1) and thus does not function as a mobile coenzyme, the requirement of these dehydrogenases for added diphosphopyridine nucleotide...

The effects of some methyl-containing compounds added to a choline-deficient diet on the metallothionein mRNA level in the rat liver were studied. The addition of choline or carnitine to the choline-deficient diet did not induce a gain in body weight, while the addition of either betaine or methionine to the choline-deficient diet, or of methionine to the choline-deficient diet with choline sig...

In MDCK cells, choline uptake, the first step in the CDP-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of choline-containing phospholipids and osmolytes, occurs via both a transport system highly specific for choline and a non-specific pathway. The specific choline carrier is present at the apical domain of cells grown on dishes and is sodium-independent. Growing the cells on a permeant support results ...

Erythrocytes from lithium treated patients were separated according to the time they had been circulating in the plasma. Choline transport and choline content were measured in the erythrocyte fractions separated according to age, in order to investigate the relationship between decreased choline transport and increased choline content seen in lithium treated patients. The most recently formed e...

Various abilities to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (GB) are crucial for angiosperms to develop salt and drought tolerances. In higher plants, GB is synthesized by a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde, and catalyzed by choline monooxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). In this study, numerous truncated and/or recombinant transcrip...