As is the case for Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303 protects Fisher rats against cholera toxin (CT). The addition of glucose or dinitrophenol to cells of S. boulardii grown on a nonfermentable carbon source activated trehalase in a manner similar to that observed for S.cerevisiae. The addition of CT to the same cells also resulted in trehalase activation. Experiments perfo...

Cholera toxin (CT) stimulated DNA synthesis by low-density primary cultures of adult rat type II pneumocytes (T2P) in a dose-dependent manner, either in the presence or the absence of serum. In the presence of 1% rat serum, 1 microgram/ml CT also stimulated a 50% increase in cell number over 8 days of incubation (P<0.01); this was in addition to a 2-fold increase in cell number induced by the s...

In an attempt to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to treat and prevent cholera, hens were immunized by a mixture of heat- or formalin-killed Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 organisms, or by the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). The IgYs were partially purified from egg yolk and orally administered to suckling mice before or after challenge with live O1 or O139 cells. The anti-O1 and O...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 185 No. 3 521–534 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200809136 JCB 521 Correspondence to Ronald D. Vale: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: APC, antigen-presenting cell; cSMAC, central SMAC; CTB, cholera toxin subunit B; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; SMAC, supramol...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200809136 Cite by DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200809136 JCB 1 of 14 Correspondence to Ronald D. Vale: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: APC, antigen-presenting cell; cSMAC, central SMAC; CTB, cholera toxin subunit B; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif...

Following intraocular injection of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), optic afferents to the dorsal pontine region were observed in Mongolian gerbils, Chilean degus, and laboratory rats. CTB-positive optic axons emerge at the caudal pole of the superior colliculus, descend through the periaqueductal gray, and innervate the lateral parabrachial nucleus. This projection appears to be a continuation o...

The review reports on the secretion pathways of main virulence factor Vibrio cholerae , cholera toxin, both through two-stage Sec-dependent type 2 system and with help vesicles outer membrane V. cholerae. ways toxin transfer into host organism, depending its form, are discussed. well-studied free soluble is secreted extracellularly transmitted in a GM1-dependent manner cholesterolrich lipid raf...

Diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) lead to millions of deaths each year. The protein toxins produced by these bacteria are 80% identical and comprise a single toxic A-subunit associated with a pentamer of B-subunits. The B-pentamer enables the toxin to enter cells by first binding to the ganglioside GM1 glycolipid 1 (Figure 1a,b). Inhibitors of this ...