Human malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors. Mechanisms that allow glioma cells to disseminate, migrating through the narrow extracellular brain spaces are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated expression of large voltage-dependent chloride (Cl(-)) currents, selectively expressed by human glioma cells in vitro and in situ (Ullrich et al., 1998). Currents are sensitive to several Cl...

Amide-functionalized surface active ionic liquids (SAILs), 1-methyl-1-dodecyl piperidinium chloride, [C12APip][Cl]; 1-methyl-1-dodecyl pyrrolidinium chloride, [C12APyrr][Cl]; 1-methyl-3-dodecyl imidazolium chloride, [C12Amim][Cl], and 1-methyl-1-dodecyl morpholinium chloride, [C12AMorph][Cl], have been synthesized, characterized and investigated for thermal stability, and micellization behavior...

In the title compound, C(7)H(16)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-), the asymmetric unit consists of two cation-anion pairs, in which the ion pairs are inter-connected by weak C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Each cation forms a network of weak C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds to surrounding chloride ions. The morpholine ring is in a chair conformation. The crystal structure is consolidated by O-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O inter-molecular ...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. We have previously reported a S1P-induced nocifensive response in mice by excitation of sensory neurons via activation of an excitatory chloride current. The underlying molecular mechanism for the S1P-induced chloride conductance remains elusive. In the present study, w...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[HgLCl2]·0.5CHCl3} n (L = N-(pyridin-4-ylmeth-yl)pyridin-3-amine, C11H11N3), contains one HgII ion, one bridging L ligand, two chloride ligands and a chloro-form solvent mol-ecule with half-occupancy that is disordered about a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. Each HgII ion is coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from two symmetry-related L ligan...

Changes in chloride (Cl-) homeostasis may be involved in the generation of some epileptic activities. In this study, we asked whether Cl- homeostasis, and thus GABAergic signaling, is altered in tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Slices prepared from this human tissue generated a spontaneous interictal-like activity that was initiated ...

GABA and glycine provide excitatory action during early development: they depolarize neurons and increase intracellular calcium concentration. As neurons mature, GABA and glycine become inhibitory. This switch from excitation to inhibition is thought to result from a shift of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) from high to low, but in retina, measurements of [Cl-]i or chloride equili...

Mono and bis hexamethylenetetramine iron(III) chloride, Fe(N C ,H ) CI (I) and Fe(N C ,H ) Cl (II) were synthesized by the reaction of iron(III) chloride and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in chloroform. Chemical analysis and spectral results show the coordination of HMTA to the iron(III). Electronic transition spectra of compound I and I1 were also studied in coordinating and noncoordinatin...

The title compound {systematic name: 7-[(1S,6S)-8-aza-2-azonia-bicyclo-[4.3.0]non-8-yl]-1-cyclo-propyl-6-fluoro-8-meth-oxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carb-oxy-lic acid chloride monohydrate}, C(21)H(25)FN(3)O(4) (+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, crystallizes with two moxi-floxa-cinium cations, two chloride ions and two uncoordinated water mol-ecules in the unit cell. The crystal structure has a pseudo-inversi...

The crystal structure of the title salt, C(8)H(12)N(+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, consists of discrete organic cations, chloride anions and water mol-ecules which are connected by N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. These inter-actions lead to the formation of layers lying parallel to the ab plane.