We describe four different types of the N =(4, 4) twisted supermultiplets in two-dimensional N =(2, 2) superspace R (1,1|2,2). All these multiplets are presented by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral superfields and differ in the transformation properties under an extra hidden N =(2, 2) supersymmetry. The sigma model N =(2, 2) superfield Lagrangians for each type of the N =(4, 4) twisted super...

A new Mueller matrix approach is developed for the design of optical modes for all nematic liquid crystal displays ~LCD!. In particular, for linearly polarized light going into the LC cell, conditions for linear polarization and circular polarization outputs are obtained. By considering the switching between different polarization modes, new transmittive and reflective bistable twisted nematic ...

We describe a lattice Boltzmann algorithm to simulate liquid-crystal hydrodynamics in three dimensions. The equations of motion are written in terms of a tensor order parameter. This allows both the isotropic and the nematic phases to be considered. Backflow effects and the hydrodynamics of topological defects are naturally included in the simulations, as are viscoelastic effects such as shear-...

A sigma model with four-dimensional target space parametrized by chiral and twisted chiral N =(2, 2) superfields can be extended to N =(4, 4) supersymmetry off-shell, but this is not true for a model of semichiral fields, where the N = (4, 4) supersymmetry can only be realized on-shell. The two models can be related to each other by T-duality. In this paper we perform a duality transformation f...

The performance of a photonic band-edge laser fabricated from a low molar mass dye-doped chiral nematic liquid crystal is found to have a strong thermal dependence. At each temperature the performance of the laser has been characterized by the slope efficiency which was calculated from a plot of the emission energy as a function of excitation energy. This slope efficiency was found to increase ...

During the early developmental process of organisms, the formation of the left-right laterality requires a subtle mechanism, as it is associated with other principal body axes. Any inherent chiral feature in an egg cell can in principal trigger this spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. Individual microtubules, major cytoskeletal filaments, are known as chiral objects. However, to date there...

We have developed new bistable twisted nematic ~BTN! displays that operate between the 2p/2 and 3p/2 twist states and between the p/2 and 5p/2 twist states. Together with the ~0,2p! BTN, this forms a set of all possible transmittive BTNs. Experimentally, it was confirmed that several switching wave forms could be used to switch the BTN from one state to another. Voltages below 10 V are sufficie...

The central chirality of simple amino alcohols was amplified by binding to a dynamically axially chiral biphenol receptor and expressed as supramolecular chirality by effecting a change from a nematic to a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase.

Miroscopic theories of nematic liquid crystals allow us to calculate from a few molecular parameters a number of macroscopic and static properties, such as the equation of state, the short and long-range order parameters and the visco-elastic coefficients. An attempt to provide such a microscopic theory which, for the more common nematics, fits the experimental data for the elastic constants an...

N = 2 string theories are formulated in space-times with 2 space and 2 time dimensions. If the world-sheet matter system consists of 2 chiral superfields, the space-time is Kahler and the dynamics are those of anti-self-dual gravity. If instead one chiral superfield and one twisted chiral superfield are used, the space-time is a hermitian manifold with torsion and a dilaton. The string spectrum...