Chick embryos have been used as alternative experimental animals in various research fields, including virology, immunology, toxicology, oncology, and embryology. Until now, there have been no in vivo models using chick embryo to evaluate radiosensitizing activity. Here, the in vivo radiosensitizing activity of etanidazole, a well-known hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, was evaluated using tumor-be...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three antibiotic alternatives with a control (Antibiotic-free) and an antibiotic diet on performance and gut morphology of broilers reared on litter. 600 day-old ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 48 pens in a CRD design with 6 × 2 factorial arrangements, in which 2 levels of chick density (5 and 7.5 chicks/m2) and 6 experimental diets (control,...

Breeding Brünnich’s guillemots Uria lomvia show stepwise mass loss at the time of hatch. This mass loss has usually been explained as an adaptation to reduce the cost of flight during the chick-rearing period because flight time increases during that period. It is possible, however, that mass loss also increases dive performance during the chick-rearing period because time spent diving also inc...

Persistent agricultural price fluctuations in developing countries have revived interest the theory of endogenous instability. We examine underlying cause instability Pakistan's broiler and chick markets. To this end, we utilize findings from our fieldwork estimates unobserved component-models to formulate a theoretical model chicken supply chain Pakistan. Under standard assumptions, derive hyp...

introduction: depending on mode, intensity and length of application, and stage of development, the low-frequency electromagnetic fields (lfes) can induce a wide variety of biological effects in organisms. the chick limb bud is a powerful experimental system for study pattern formation in vertebrate embryo. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of an application lfes (50hz, 50g) on c...

CD9 is a tetra-membrane-spanning glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, migration, growth signaling and tumor cell metastasis. In this study a CD9 cDNA clone has been isolated from chick cDNA library. The chick CD9 clone contains an open reading frame of 224 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence from chick CD9 shows 63.3% identity with the human counterpart. Human and monkey CD9 upregul...

The developmental stages [4] of the chick [5] embryo were examined by Viktor Hamburger [6] and Howard L. Hamilton [7] in ?A Series of Normal Stages in the Development of the Chick Embryo,? published in the Journal of Morphology [8] in 1951. These stages were published to standardize the development of the chick [5] based on varying laboratory conditions and genetic differences. The stages Hambu...