Background: Fat supplementation in ruminants ration often adversely affect dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation and nutrients digestion. Basal diet ingredients is an undeniable determinant of ruminants responses including performance, chewing behaviour and nutrient digestibility to fat supplementation. Objective: Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Fish oil (FO) supplem...

BACKGROUND Chewing khat leaves is often accompanied by tobacco use. We assessed aspects of tobacco use and explored factors associated with tobacco use patterns (frequency of use per week) among khat chewers who used tobacco only when chewing khat ("simultaneous tobacco and khat users", STKU). METHODS A sample of 204 male khat chewers was recruited during random visits to khat outlets. Data c...

objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate fracture characteristics of rigid two-tooth segments splinted with fiber reinforced composite (frc), with and without application of simulated masticatory forces. material and methods: in this experimental study, 80 extracted maxillary bicuspids were joined in pairs from the buccal aspect using frc. the specimens were divided into two groups. in...

background/purpose: although habitual consumption of xylitol reduces cariogenic streptococci levels, its effect on beneficial oral streptococci is less clear. the main aim of the study is to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the oral beneficial streptococci level of saliva, streptococcus sanguinis and s. mitis . material and methods: twenty four volunteers with a media...

objective(s) while the nucleus accumbens and the striatum have received much attention regarding their roles in stereotyped behaviors, the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) has not been investigated to the same degree. few studies have reported the role of the mpfc in dopaminergic induction of locomotor hyperactivity. the mpfc is a heterogeneous area (the anterior cingulated, prelimbi...

The finding that chewing gum can moderate stress and mood changes following a multi-task cognitive stressor (Scholey et al., 2009) was re-examined. In a repeated measures cross-over design, thirty participants completed a 20-min multi-tasking stressor on consecutive days, both with and without chewing gum. Both prior to and post stressor, participants provided salivary cortisol samples and self...

In this clinical study, pre- and post-rehabilitation changes in intraborder mandible movements, chewing cycles, masticatory efficiencies, and borders of the chewing area of patients with unilateral muscular disorders (MD) (n = 20) or unilateral disc derangement disorders (DDD) (n = 20) of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were observed and compared with healthy individuals with full dentition (n...

OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effect of chewing gum on sustained attention and associated changes in subjective alertness. METHODS In a within-participants design, 20 participants completed an extended version of the sustained attention response task (SART: Robertson et al., 1997), both with and without chewing gum. Self-rated measures of alertness, contentedness, and calmness wer...

Biting is the initial step of processing and prepare the food for swallowing so that it can be further processed in the digestive system. Chewing reduces the food bolus or food particles size, saliva moistens the nourishment and flavors are discharged. Taste and texture of the nourishment are seen and produce their effect on the chewing process. There are so many factors determining the chewing...