from philosophical , structure, form of architecture and ornaments point of view, Minarets are one of the key elements of Islamic architecture that need to be researched and contemplated in these four areas. In Iran, Building minarets as a mean of spiritual guidance started before Islam and reached to its peak in Seljuk period. This structure was first built near important routes, plains, insid...

Five-petal flower is one of the most used decorative signs in Iranian buildings. Ali Qapu palace and Chehel Sotun palace are two of the buildings which five-petal flowers are used in them in tremendous numbers. Diversity, beauty, production and implemention methods are considerable in these palaces. The research porpuse is analysing and aspects of distinctions this motif’s features and developm...

Implementing watershed management without considering all aspects may lead to instability, exacerbating unfavorable conditions. Adopting an integrated management approach is necessary for any watershed system. An important consideration in decision making and planning process is to quantify ecological impacts of management using landscape ecology framework. In this regard, uncertainty quantific...

Soil erosion is one of the most important factors affecting soil quantity and quality and is environmental problems in developing countries like Iran. It can have deteriorating effects on ecosystems. This research was carried out in farm lands of the Chehel-Chai watershed, Golestan province to investigate the effect of soil properties on runoff and soil loss. Runoff and soil loss were measured ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of voltage, salinity and temperature on the performance of electrofishing. Number 850 pcs Capoeta capoeta of Chehel Chay river of Golestan province fishing and transported to the laboratory. Distance from the anode, cathode and anode distance during testing, respectively, 10 cm and the 120 cm. Range of length and weight of the fish test sp...