Global demand for charcoal is increasing mainly due to urban population in developing countries. More than half the global population now lives in cities, and urban-dwellers are restricted to charcoal use because of easiness of production, access, transport, and tradition. Increasing demand for charcoal, however, may lead to increasing impacts on forests, food, and water resources, and may even...

Bone charcoal, a mixed adsorbent containing around 10% carbon and 90% calcium phosphate, is mainly produced by thermal treatment of bones. Structurally, calcium phosphate in bone charcoal is in the hydroxyapatite form [1-2]. Traditionally, bone charcoal has been used to remove color in sugar solutions in the sugar refining industry. Recent studies use bone charcoal to adsorb radioisotopes of an...

This paper assigns monetary values to commercial production of charcoal (using traditional earth kilns) in the miombo woodlands surrounding Kitulanghalo Forest Reserve in eastern Tanzania, through cost–benefit analysis (CBA). Charcoal is the most commercialised resource in the study area and the net present value (NPV) for the charcoal business over a 15-year period was US$ 511 ha. The profit f...

Timber procurement and the use of woodlands are key issues in understanding the open landscapes of the Norse and Medieval periods in the North Atlantic islands. This paper outlines evidence for the timing and mechanisms of woodland use and deforestation in an area of southern Iceland, which is tracked through the mapping and analysis of charcoal production pits. Precise dating of the use of the...

1. The ability of activated charcoal, treated in differing ways with poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate), to adsorb paracetamol was studied. 2. Activated charcoal was coated with 2,4 or 10% by weight of poly(hydroxyethy1methacrylate). Neither the percentage by weight (2, 4 or 10%) coating of activated charcoal by the polymer nor the procedure used to apply the coat affected the total adsorption of p...

Korgenski and Daly recommend charcoal horse blood agar (Regan-Lowe agar) for the detection of erythromycin resistance in Bordetella pertussis by agar dilution, Etest methodology, or agar diffusion. MICs for most isolates were #0.06 to 0.12 mg/ml by agar dilution and the Etest, while the MIC for the only resistant strain was 16 to 64 mg/ml (4). Charcoal agar may be suitable for discrimination be...

House dust mite sensitized asthmatics are advised to practice allergen avoidance. Charcoal pillows are used in Korea with unsubstantiated claims regarding their efficacy in alleviating asthma symptoms. We tested the effects of activated charcoal on breeding of house dust mites in culture. Twenty live adult house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were inoculated, 10 replicates, on cult...

We report on a procedure using powdered coconut charcoal to sequester organic contaminants and reduce toxicity in sediments as part of a series of toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods. Powdered coconut charcoal (PCC) was effective in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan-spiked sediments by 100%. Powdered coconut charcoal also was effective in removing almost 100% of the toxicity ...

The clinical use of uncoated charcoal haemoperfusion systems, despite their efficacy, has hitherto been prevented by the occurrence of a number of adverse effects including charcoal embolism and marked thrombocytopenia. Charcoal coated with a synthetic hydrogel overcomes many of the disadvantages associated with the use of uncoated material in that there is a much reduced thrombocytopenia and n...