BACKGROUND With the continuous discovery of novel RNA molecules with key cellular functions and of novel pathways and interaction networks, the need for structural information of RNA is still increasing. In order to predict structure of long RNA and understand its natural folding mechanism, exploring the characteristic of RNA structure is an important issue. METHODS The real RNA secondary str...

Rodlike capsules consisting of a calcium carbonate core and a crosslinked polystyrene shell were synthesized, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) and characteristic length of the glass transition ξ(Tg) for the thin outer shells were investigated by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The shell thickness ranged from 20 to 129 nm. The ratio of the Tg for the outer shell...

A technique of uctuation analysis is introduced for the identiication of characteristic length scales in spatial models, with similarities to the recently introduced methods by Rand & Wilson (1995). The identiied length scale provides the optimal size to extract nontrivial large-scale behaviour in such models. The method is demonstrated for three biological models: genetic selection, plant comp...

In this article, the length–speed ratio (LSR) is proposed as a basic characteristic for the real-time detection of moving objects. We define the LSR of a uniform moving zone as the relation between its length in the direction of motion and the speed of this motion. For a given zone of the image with uniform gray level (or patch), the greater its length in the direction of motion and the smaller...

We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas by measuring the full probability distribution functions of matter-wave interference. Observing the system on different length scales allows us to probe the dynamics of excitations on different energy scales, revealing two distinct length-scale-dependent regimes of relaxation. We measure the crossover length sca...

In this contribution an overview over a numerical scheme for the crack modelling of spruce wood under tensile loading is given. A material model for biaxially stressed spruce wood with consideration of the effect of knots on the strength properties has been developed. A necessary feature of this material model is its ability to treat cracks by means of the so-called smeared crack concept. For t...

[*] Prof. J. Pflaum, B. Gieseking, T. Schmeiler, B. Müller, Dr. C. Deibel, Prof. V. Dyakonov Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximillian University, Würzburg, D-97074 (Germany) E-mail: [email protected] Prof. J. Pflaum, Prof. V. Dyakonov Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Würzburg, D-97074 (Germany) Prof. B. Engels Institute for Physical and Th...

The application of the proposed criterion to various digital geophysical records has provided satisfactory results. The method is well suited to geophysical signals because they often have a remarkable Markovian character in the broader sense, i.e. the autocovariances have values decreasing roughly exponentially as the time lags increase. Computer simulations on mathematically defined time seri...

Background "Prospective Registry of Outcomes with Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Restoration" (PROPPER) is a large, multi-institutional, prospective clinical study to collect, analyze, and report real-world outcomes for men implanted with penile prosthetic devices. We prospectively correlated co-morbid conditions and demographic data with implanted penile prosthesis size to enable clinicians to...