Many ecosystems of western North America have been dramatically changed by non-native species. Here, we review ecological impacts of 56 plant, animal, fungus, and protist species that were brought to this region by humans. We discuss characteristics of invasive species that can lead to major ecosystem impacts, and explore how invasive species alter many different attributes of ecosystems. Speci...

We derive a new maximal inequality for stationary sequences under a martingale-type condition introduced by Maxwell and Woodroofe (2000). Then, we apply it to establish the Donsker invariance principle for this class of stationary sequences. A Markov chain example is given in order to show the optimality of the conditions imposed. Short title: A New Maximal Inequality I Results Let (Xi)i∈Z be a...

We indicate the quantum tree search qiskit implementation by popular examples from symbolical artificial intelligence, 3-puzzle, 8-puzzle and ABC blocks world. Qiskit is an open-source software development kit (SDK) for working with computers at level of circuits algorithms IBM. The objects are represented symbols adjectives. Two principles presented. Either position description (adjective) fix...

We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for coupled Langevin differential equations fractional order with multipoint boundary conditions involving generalized Liouville–Caputo derivatives. Furthermore, we discuss Ulam–Hyers stability in context problem at hand. The results are shown examples. Results asymmetric when a derivative (ρ) parameter is changed.