Using vehicle trajectory datasets developed over a study section for three traffic flow levels, rectangular hyperbolic relation between time-to-collision and relative speeds in vehicle-following behavior were observed. A new methodology estimating the probable rear-end collisions given stream is based on this relation. The examined terms of hysteresis phenomenon concerning distance gap (DG) spe...

results our study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of taqman real time pcr was 96% and 95% respectively. these values were 89% and 90, 38% and 100%, 6% and 100% for pcr, culture and microscopy, respectively. conclusions our study showed that sensitivity of taqman real time pcr was higher that pcr, culture and microscopy but specificity of culture and microscopy was more than pcr and ...

In order to take more active measures prevent and control secondary accidents, it is necessary describe risk propagation process after the accident. To this end, paper deeply analyzed mechanism between vehicles proposed a novel rear-end collision accident model, which could real-time evaluate vehicle risk. The research scene of single-lane road scene, so driving field model suitable for first e...

OBJECTIVES In Lithuania, there is little awareness of the notion that chronic symptoms may result from rear end collisions via the so-called whiplash injury. After most such collisions no contact with the health service is established. An opportunity therefore exists to study post-traumatic pain without the confounding factors present in western societies. METHODS In a prospective, controlled...

Pre-Crash Systems (PCS) integrate the features of active and passive safety systems to reduce both crash and injury severity. Upon detection of an impending collision, PCS can provide an early warning to the driver and activate automatic braking to reduce the crash severity for the subject vehicle. PCS can also activate the seatbelt pretensioners prior to impact. This paper identifies the oppor...

A review of a few Swedish research projects on soft tissue neck injuries in car collisions is presented together with some new results. Efforts to determine neck injury mechanisms was based on a hypothesis stating that injuries to the nerve root region in the cervical spine are a result of transient pressure gradients in the spinal canal during rapid neck bending. In experimental neck trauma re...

Automotive safety has gained an increasing amount of interest from the general public, governments, and the car industry. This is more than justified by traffic accident statistics, as each year around 1.2 million people die due to road traffic accidents. For these reasons safety remains a core value of Volvo Cars. This paper presents some of the latest active safety developments within Volvo C...

A microscopic model of freeway rear-end crash risk is developed based on a modified negative binomial regression and estimated using Washington State data. Compared with most existing models, this model has two major advantages: 1) it directly considers a driver’s response time distribution; and 2) it applies a new dual-impact structure accounting for the probability of both, a vehicle becoming...