The adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates generates a highly diverse repertoire antibodies to meet the antigenic challenges constantly evolving biological ecosystem. Most diversity is generated by two mechanisms: V(D)J gene recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). SHM introduces changes in variable domain antibodies, mostly regions that form paratope, yielding with higher antigen bi...

Anti-Factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies were prepared by a combination of salt precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and specific adsorption over insolubilized FVIII from the serum of 10 healthy subjects with normal levels of FVIII. Antibody specificity was confirmed by the capacity to recognize soluble and insolubilized FVIII and to neutralize FVIII cofactor activity in FX activation. Epit...

To determine the chemical basis for rabbit heavy chain allotypes, amino acid analyses were carried out on IgG and IgM antibodies isolated from rabbits which were homozygous a1 or a3 for the gamma chain locus and homozygous b4 for the light chain locus. The compositional differences between a1 and a3 IgM antibodies were found to be identical to those between their IgG counterparts. The identity ...

Active site structure-function analyses of anti-fluorescein single chain antibody 4-4-20 and anti-single-stranded DNA single chain antibody 04-01 were conducted studying the ligand binding properties of hybrid antibodies resulting from systematic transplantation of heavy chain complementarity regions (HCDRs) from monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 into 04-01. Two prototype monoclonal antibodies were ch...

Immunization of strain A mice with p-azophenylarsonate-conjugated protein stimulates B cells that synthesize anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies. A large fraction of these cells produce antibodies with variable (V) regions encoded by a single heavy chain V gene segment together with multiple combinations of diversity, heavy chain joining, light chain variable, and light chain joining gene segme...

BACKGROUND Alport's syndrome can be diagnosed by staining the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen in kidney biopsy specimens with a monoclonal antibody. Because antibodies already established against the alpha 5 chain require denaturation treatment of cryostat sections to expose their epitopes. To save time and effort for staining, a new epitope-defined monoclonal antibody whose epitope is initia...

Botulism is caused by the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most poisonous substance known. Because of the high potency of BoNT, development of diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies for botulism requires antibodies of very high affinity. Here we report the use of yeast mating to affinity mature BoNT antibodies by light chain shuffling. A library of immunoglobulin light chains was generated in ...

Background: The knowledge of antibody’s significance and frequency in patients cured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is extremely limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies exposed SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Healthcare professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled this study. levels detected 15 days after the onset symptoms fiv...

HIV-1 resists neutralization by most antibodies. Two somatically related human antibodies, PG9 and PG16, however, each neutralize 70 to 80% of circulating HIV-1 isolates. Here we present the structure of the antigen-binding fragment of PG16 in monoclinic and orthorhombic lattices at 2.4 and 4.0 A, respectively, and use a combination of structural analysis, paratope dissection, and neutralizatio...