We consider weak lumpability of general nite homogeneous Markov chains evolving in discrete time, that is when a lumped Markov chain with respect to a partition of the initial state space is also a homogeneous Markov chain. We show that weak lumpabilityis equivalent to the existence of a decomposable polyhedral cone which is positively invariant by the transition probability matrix of the origi...

We have shown that insulin controls endogenous glucose production (EGP) indirectly, via suppression of adipocyte lipolysis. Free fatty acids (FFA) and EGP are suppressed proportionately, and when the decline in FFA is prevented during insulin infusion, suppression of EGP is also prevented. The present study tested the hypothesis that suppression of lipolysis under conditions of constant insulin...

BACKGROUND No licensed vaccine is currently available against serotype A foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in China, despite the isolation of A/WH/CHA/09 in 2009, partly because this strain does not replicate well in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A novel plasmid-based reverse genetics system was used to construct a chimeric strain by replacing the P1 gene in the v...

In vitro autoradiographic techniques were used to characterize binding sites for 3H-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 3H-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) in cat and kitten visual cortex. 3H-CHA binding sites in adult cat have a Bmax of 1,363 fmol/mg protein and a Kd of 6.8 nM. Displacement experiments indicate that 3H-CHA binds to an adenosine receptor similar to the A1-adenosine receptor desc...

Curcumin (CUR) is a unique natural compound with promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin was challenged in clinical trials, mostly due to its low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and elimination. We designed a nanodrug form of curcumin, which makes it stable and substantially enhances cellular permeability and anticancer activity at...

Solution equilibrium studies on Fe(III) complexes formed with imidazole-4-carbohydroxamic acid (Im-4-Cha), N-Me-imidazole-4-carbohydroxamic acid (N-Me-Im-4-Cha), imidazole-4-acetohydroxamic acid (Im-4-Aha), and histidinehydroxamic acid (Hisha) have been performed by using pH-potentiometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, EPR, ESI-MS, and H1-NMR methods. All of the obtained results demonstrate tha...

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbial mass (MM) and rumen fermentation kinetics of a 40:60 forage: concentrate diet using in v...

Finding alternatives to natural resources is important for a sustainable future and essential infrastructure projects. Among these replacements the use of coffee waste as soil stabilizers. Coffee husk ash (CHA) solid obtained by processing beans on farm or factory. The main aim this study determine geotechnical properties clay treated with CHA develop low-cost, environmentally friendly alternat...

background: certain marker studies have practical importance in the biology of prostate cancer. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the quantification of certain neuroendocrine and proliferative markers obtained during transurethral resection or prostatectomy, would help in the prognostic evaluation of prostatic adenocarcinomas.   methods: the present study was performed on sampl...