We report the development of an all-fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope capable of high-resolution second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of biological tissues and demonstrate its utility for monitoring the remodeling of cervical collagen during gestation in mice. The endomicroscope has an overall 2.0 mm diameter and consists of a single customized double-clad fiber, a compact rapid two-dimen...

Cervical incompetence is one of the common causes of recurrent pregnancy loss. Transabdominal cervical cerclage is the option where previous vaginal cerclages have failed or in patients with congenital short or absent cervix, a lacerated cervix, severe scarring of the cervix, and multiple deep cervical defects. So this review is aimed to study the effectiveness of laparoscopic cerclage in compa...

BACKGROUND A cervical stitch has been used to prevent preterm deliveries in women with previous second trimester pregnancy losses, or other risk factors such as short cervix on digital or ultrasound examination. OBJECTIVES To assess effectiveness and safety of prophylactic cerclage (before the cervix has dilated), emergency cerclage (where cervices have started to shorten and dilate) and then...

Statistical reports have shown that breast and cervical malignancies are the most frequent cancers found in the general female population. As more women choose to delay childbearing, the frequency of associated breast cancer is increasing and it is now the most common pregnancy associated carcinoma. The influence of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is dependent on several maternal feature...

Mid-pregnancy cervical length in nulliparous women and its association with post-term delivery and intrapartum caesarean delivery Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between mid-pregnancy cervical length and post-term delivery and caesarean delivery during labour. Study Design: In a multicentre cohort study, cervical length was measured in low-risk singleton pregnancies between 16 a...

Purpose: The purpose of this mini review is to elucidate if cervical pessary, with or without progesterone is applicable to twin pregnancies. One-quarter of preterm births (PTB) are twin pregnancies. Cervical cerclage, progesterone, and cervical pessary decrease the PTB incidence in singleton pregnancies. Retrospective cohorts suggest that cervical cerclage is not harmful, and is possibly benef...

A case of post-in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cervical and intrauterine heterotropic pregnancy with cardiac activity in both embryos is presented. It was diagnosed in the 7(th) week of gestation by ultrasonography and cervical pregnancy was treated conservatively with intrathoracic administration of potassium chloride under transvaginal ultrasound guidance with regression of trophoblastic tissue....

Pregnancy in a fibroid uterus is not rare. However cervical fibroid is rare in pregnancy and has unique management challenges. We report a case of cervical fibroid in a Gravida2 Para1 patient that was found incidentally in a routine ultrasound in the second trimester. The fibroid grew in pregnancy till term, caused obstructed labour, a Cesarean section was required for the baby. Post surgery th...

In a prospective, randomized study of insemination with donor semen, intracervical insemination by straw was compared with insemination using a cervical cap with an intracervical reservoir. A total of 91 patients completed 486 treatment cycles. There were no significant differences in age, parity, indication for insemination by donor, or method of cycle monitoring between women who became pregn...

Increased synthesis of cervical hyaluronan (HA) from early to late pregnancy has long been proposed to play an essential role in disorganization of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix to allow for maximal compliance and dilation of the cervix during the birth process. Here, we show that HA is not essential for increased cervical distensibility during late pregnancy. Rather, cervicovaginal HA...