Backround: The English literature contains very few reports on disc herniation at upper thoracic levels. This report presents a patient with T1-2 disc herniation who underwent successful surgery. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old female presented that the right T1 root was compressed by foraminal disc herniation at the T1-2 level. Conclusion: The anterior approach is an easy and appropriate meth...

Low back pain is common during pregnancy. However, the prevalence of symtomatic lumbar disc herniation is rare, and cauda equina syndrome due to disc herniation during pregnancy is even rarer. We report a rare case of lumbar disc herniation causing cauda equina syndrome during third trimester of pregnancy which successfully treated by endoscopic discectomy. This case shows that endoscopic disce...

background : anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf) is an effective treatment for disc herniations ; but some studies demonstrated that in the untreated levels adjacent to a fusion, increased motion might lead to an increased risk of adjacent segment degeneration (asd). on the other hand, methods of cervical disc arthroplasty (cda) have improved. the aim of this study is to evaluate and...

Intradural extra-arachnoid lumbar disc herniation is a rare disease. Few MRI findings have been reported. We experienced an intradural extra-arachnoid lumbar disc herniation. We reviewed the preoperative MRI findings. Lumbar spine T2-weighted sagittal MRI showed that one line of the ventral dura was divided into two by a disc herniation. We speculated that the two lines comprised the dura and a...

BACKGROUND While chronic neck pain is a common problem in the adult population, with a typical 12-month prevalence of 30%-50%, there is a lack of consensus regarding its causes and treatment. Despite limited evidence, cervical epidural injections are one of the commonly performed nonsurgical interventions in the management of chronic neck pain. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, active, cont...

BACKGROUND A recent evaluation of the state of U.S. health from 1990 to 2010 placed neck pain as the fourth condition leading to disability, with low back pain being the number one. Multiple treatment modalities have been described in managing neck and upper extremity pain secondary to cervical disc herniation after the failure of conservative management. The treatment modalities for chronic pe...

We evaluated the therapeutic outcome of CT-guided ozone treatment for cervical disc herniation. All 86 patients with cervical spondylosis including myelopathy (37 cases), radiculopathy (30 cases), and sympathetic type (19 cases) were treated with ozone injection under CT guidance. The puncture route was anterolateral from the neck to the disk. A total of 2-7 ml of ozone at a concentration of 60...

Foraminal disc herniation at the C2–3 level is a very rare entity, for which consensus treatment protocol has not been established. This case report explains that unilateral biportal endoscopic foraminotomy effective, minimally invasive, and safe procedure this condition. A 62-year-old woman presented to our clinic with complaints of 6-week history posterior axial neck pain sudden onset hypoest...

A complete and detailed three-dimensional finite element model of the human cervical spine (C1-C7), including soft and hard tissues, was created using a digitized geometric measurement tool. The model was validated against existing experimental studies in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The aims of this study were to use the model to simulate the mechanisms of injury sc...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term outcomes of anterior versus posterior approaches for cervical disc herniation. METHODS The records of 6,000 patients who had operations for cervical disc herniation (radiating arm pain and/or motor symptoms involving the upper extremity) and who had been followed for at least 2 years (mean: 7.1 years) were culled from the world literature and included in thi...