(NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, a...

In recent years, Pseudomonas pyocyanea and other Gram-negative bacteria have appeared more frequently as important pathogens. This has followed the effective antibiotic treatment of infections due to most other organisms and is also related to the increasing use of certain equipment which may become readily contaminated and which is difficult to sterilize. The problem is particularly serious in...

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) of industrial equipment is generally recognized as being the most cost-effective means for improving equipment availability. However, prerequisite to successful implementation of CBM is a reliable detector of failing components. One such detector, termed the effective negative-sequence impedance, had previously been identified as an indicator of induction motor...

References Advantages of FTTx and PON Components of a PON System PON Installation PON Specifications PON Measurement Parameters PON Troubleshooting Selecting the Right Testing Instrument Conclusion Testing fiber-to-the-X (FTTx) networks that include passive optical network (PON) architectures presents unique challenges to service providers. During installation, the network must meet certain sta...

This paper talks about an emerging and exciting application of ad-hoc network where vehicles are serving as nodes. This area has certain promised aspects and activities to be offered, which are broadly related with the safety, convenience, entertainment, and various other topics of interest. It is an ad hoc network of vehicles, known as ‘Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET).’ Vehicular Ad-Hoc netwo...

To illustrate these assumptions, let us consider a simple numerical example. Suppose a car is needed for three years; that is, suppose N = 3. At the beginning of the first year, we have a 2-year-old car. The annual cost of operating a car is a function of its age; and this cost function is given by: c(0) = 10, c(1) = 20, c(2) = 40, c(3) = 60, and c(4) = 70. The fact that these costs are increas...

Controlled Environment Treatment is a new approach to wound management--for the first time it provides the surgeon with the means of controlling and optimizing the wound environment for the duration of the healing period. Equipment is commercially available and the technique is now being applied internationally; the technique has been established for the treatment of limbs--application to the t...

The two well known techniques which are used in plant-nutrition studies are conveniently designated the solution-culture method and the sand-culture method. Some other slightly soluble materials, such as cinders, gravel, vermiculite, and Sponge Rok or various combinations of these may be substituted for sand. The use of slightly soluble material as a medium, to which the nutrient solution is pr...

The paper deals with a multi-layer network design problem for a high-speed telecommunication network based on Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) technology. The network has to carry a certain set of demands with the objective of minimizing the investment in the equipment. The different layers are the fiber-layer, 2,5Gbit/s-, 10Gbit/sand WDM-systems. Seve...