Mortality and adverse neurologic sequelae from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (HIV-CM) remains high due to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) complications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) high opening pressure occurs in more than 50% of HIV-CM patients. Repeated lumbar puncture with CSF drainage and external lumbar drainage might be required in the management of these patients. Usually, ther...

UNLABELLED Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and /or urinary incontinence, dilation of the ventricular system and normal opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Shunt surgery is the standard treatment of iNHP. Diversions with programmable valves are recommended, once drainage pressure can be changed. However, well-defined protocols stil...

BACKGROUND An intrathoracic meningocele is a relatively rare disease, and it commonly accompanies neurofibromatosis type 1. Patients tend to have no symptom but if its size is too large and compresses a lung and neighboring organs, it needs shunt drainage or surgical resection. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we present the case of a 52 year-old female patient with huge intrathoracic meningoceles a...

Lumboperitoneal shunting is widely used for the surgical management of pseudotumor cerebri and other pathologies such as communicating hydrocephalus. Although it is a safe method, it could be associated with complications including subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural and rarely intracerebral hematoma. A 44-year-old female applied to our clinic with complaints of severe headache, retroorbital pain...

A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) is bowel perforation by the peritoneal catheter of the shunt tube. Rarer still is the peroral extrusion of such a perforated shunt. A two-month-old infant with history of neonatal meningitis, presented with a large head, bulging fontanelle, and hydrocephalus. A VPS was inserted. The child was doing well till the age of eight months, whe...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a relatively common condition (incidence up to 19/100 000/year in the high-risk group of obese women in reproductive age range) causing headaches with papilloedema. Detailed investigations are required to exclude other causes of raised intracranial pressure. The condition may be self-limiting or enter a chronic phase with significant morbidity ...

Abstract Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been accepted for obstructive hydrocephalus (OH). We herein present a case of OH and optic nerve sheath edema (ONSE). Although ETV was successful, ONSE worsened. Discussion is focused on the relationship among intracranial hypertension (IH), ETV, ONSE. The patient 19-year-old woman with complaints headache emesis. Papilledema prominent. Radiol...

background : meningitis is more common during the neonatal period than other periods of life and has a prevalence of one in 1000 live births. the similarity of its clinical manifestations with other infectious diseases makes it difficult to diagnose. the aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory test results of newbor...

AIM Shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of hydrocephalus have their own complications which make the management of such patients more difficult. We have examined the subfrontal route to fenestrate lamina terminalis in order to achieve relief of hydrocephalus in eight consecutive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight patients with the diagnosis of hyd...

BACKGROUND Since the condition was first described in 1965, the syndrome of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has conventionally been managed by placement of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of shunting procedures in promoting stability or improvement in the neurological symptoms and signs of NPH. SEARCH STRATEGY The trials were identified from ...