The manufacturing of ethanol from cereal crop by enzymatic conversion of starch to fermentable glucose and fermentation by yeast is now a well established process. The first phase of the process is the addition of alpha-amylases to the liquefaction of the milled grains. Alpha-amylases hydrolyses the α-1,4-glucosidic bonds to reduce the viscosity of gelatinized starch producing soluble starch an...

High-producing ruminants are fed high amounts of cereal grains, at the expense of dietary fiber, to meet their high energy demands. Grains consist mainly of starch, which is easily degraded in the rumen by microbial glycosidases, providing energy for rapid growth of rumen microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as the main energy source for the host. Yet, low dietary fiber contents and the ...

Cereal Chem. 83(3):259–268 Starch was isolated from flour of four wheats representing hard red winter (Karl), hard red spring (Gunner), durum (Belfield 3), and spelt (WK 86035-8) wheat classes. Digital image analysis (IA) coupled with light microscopy was used to determine starch size distributions where the volume of granules was calculated as spherical particles or oblate spheroids. Starch gr...

BACKGROUND Starch is biosynthesised by a complex of enzymes including various starch synthases and starch branching and debranching enzymes, amongst others. The role of all these enzymes has been investigated using gene silencing or genetic knockouts, but there are few examples of overexpression due to the problems of either cloning large genomic fragments or the toxicity of functional cDNAs to...

Cereal Chem. 77(6):750–753 Starch samples isolated from wheat flour that represented four possible waxy states (0, 1, 2, and 3-gene waxy) were subjected to crushing loads under both dry and wet conditions. Calibrated loads of 0.5–20 kg were applied to the starch samples and the percentage of damaged granules was visually determined. Under dry crushing conditions, starches containing amylose (0,...

Kiwifruit is a carbohydrate food of low glycaemic potency which could potentially be exchanged for starch-based foods in management of postprandial glycaemia. The effect of equicarbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit varieties 'Hayward' green (GR) and 'Zesy002' (SunGold; SG) for a starchy wheat-based breakfast cereal (WB) on the characteristics of the postprandial glycaemic response and sati...

Adlay is a cereal that has been used as food, but its use still limited. consists of high starch content, native adlay low water absorption capacity and other functional properties. The characteristics can be improved; some them are modified into porous starch. This study aimed to define granules improve the physicochemical properties by synergic modification microwave heat treatment (MHT) ozon...