Background & objectives: Cell phone microwave (MW) is one of the most harmful physical agents in modern society. This study was designed to determine the effects of exposure to cell phone microwaves on mice sperm morphologic indices. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups including: Microwave (MW) (n=6; exposed to 950-MHz cell phone MW with 5 W output power density and 200 KHz modulatio...

Background: Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after a year of sexual intercourses without the use of contraceptives. In half of the cases the causative factor is the male. Males are exposed to the effect of various environmental factors, which may decrease their reproductive capabilities. Phone electromagnetic power is very small, only a few hundredths of a microwave oven, but bec...

Objective: To determine the frequency of smartphone addiction and poor sleep in high school adolescents to evaluate relationship between phone sleep, together with demographic characteristics.
 Methods: A face-to-face survey was applied 730 students Kahta district Adıyaman, Turkey, November 2021 January 2022. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Short Form (SPAI-SF) used assess addiction, Pi...

The fundamental cause of teenagers’ addiction to smart phone is due to stress arising from family and school. Smartphone can cause many problems including musculoskeletal symptom which can develop due to staying in one position for a long time. Furthermore, starring at a small screen for an extended time can cause decreased eye sight, along with amblyopia. Smart phone addiction causes depressio...

UNLABELLED The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) questionnaire (Chóliz, 2012) evaluates the main features of mobile phone dependence: tolerance, abstinence syndrome, impaired impulse control, associated problems, excessive use, etc. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a multicultural version of the TMD (TMDbrief) adapted to suit the novel communication tools of smartphone...

Internet Addiction (IA) and phubbing are prevalent, disruptive behaviours among university students. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between IA Phubbing with psychological variables (impulsiveness, self-esteem, distress), academic performance self-perception mathematical competence (SMC), as well possible gender differences. Results showed (n = 715; Mean Age 21.7) differen...

Background: Cell phones have become a vital part of everyday life. However, the health risks associated with their usage are often overlooked. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CINAHLPUBMED were searched for relevant trials published from respective database inception dates to Jun 2011. Results: Recently, evidence from several studies supports a growing claim that cel...