This article introduces a new application of piecewise linear orthogonal triangular functions to solve fractional order differential-algebraic equations. The generalized triangular function operational matrices for approximating Riemann-Liouville fractional order integral in the triangular function (TF) domain are derived. Error analysis is carried out to estimate the upper bound of absolute er...

In the definition of the Riemann integral of a function f(x), the x-axis is partitioned and the integral is defined in terms of limits of the Riemann sums ∑n−1 j=0 f(x ∗ j)∆j, where ∆j = xj+1− xj. The basic idea for the Lebesgue integral is to partition the y-axis, which contains the range of f , rather than the x-axis. This seems like a “dumb” idea at first. Shouldn’t the two ways end up givin...

We introduce the Cauchy augmentation operator for basic hypergeometric series. Heine’s 2φ1 transformation formula and Sears’ 3φ2 transformation formula can be easily obtained by the symmetric property of some parameters in operator identities. The Cauchy operator involves two parameters, and it can be considered as a generalization of the operator T (bDq). Using this operator, we obtain extensi...

This treatise investigates holomorphic functions defined on the space of bicomplex numbers introduced by Segre. The theory of these functions is associated with Fueter’s theory of regular, quaternionic functions. The algebras of quaternions and bicomplex numbers are developed by making use of so-called complex pairs. Special attention is paid to singular bicomplex numbers that lack an inverse. ...

Manuscript received April 8, 1999. Manuscript revised September 8, 1999. † The author is with the Dept. of Lightwave Sciences, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa-shi, 572-8530 Japan. a) E-mail: [email protected] SUMMARY The mathematical theory of bicomplex electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional scattering and diffraction problems is developed. The Vekua’s integ...