background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

background : inequality in households’ payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utili-zation patterns between them. this study investigated the iranian rural and urban households’ inequality in payments on food and out-of-pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. methods : this descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of iranian statistics centre d...

The South African Government recently set targets to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) by lowering salt consumption. We conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to model the potential health and economic impacts of this salt policy. We used surveys and epidemiologic studies to estimate reductions in CVD resulting from lower salt intake. We calculated the average out-of-pocket ...

BACKGROUND Given the enormous economic burden of malaria in Nigeria and in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to determine how different population groups cope with payment for malaria treatment. This paper provides new information about the differences in household coping mechanisms for expenditures on malaria treatment. METHODS The study was undertaken in two communities in Southeast Niger...

Background Chronic illnesses require a long standing or lifelong adaptation. Health care plays a crucial role in this adaptation. Seeking health care for such conditions, in many developing countries, imposes a devastating social and economic burden to individuals and their families, in form of catastrophic health expenditures or impoverishment. Millions of chronically ill persons avoid health ...

BACKGROUND This study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in Iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately. METHOD This study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fai...

health price inflation rate is different from increasing in health expenditures. health expenditures contain both quantity and prices but inflation rate contains prices. this study aimed to determine the factors that affect the inflation rate for health care services (ircpihc) in iran.we used central bank of iran data. we estimated the relationship between the inflation rate and its determinant...

introduction: the success of a health system depends on the accessibility and the quality of health services it provides. one major indicator of service quality is peoples satisfaction from the service. in this article, healthcare availability and satisfaction of people in 17th zone of tehran is investigated. methods: population research center has performed a survey in 17th zone of tehran to i...