The conversion of a nucleic acid from single strands to double strands is thought to involve slow nucleation followed by fast double-strand propagation. Here, for RNA double-strand propagation, we propose an atomic resolution reaction mechanism. This mechanism, called the stack-ratchet, is based on data-mining of three-dimensional structures and on available thermodynamic information. The stack...

in order to evaluate the effect of different planting patterns and different varieties of corn on quantity management in 2015 as a split-plot in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. the test pattern as the main factor in two levels in the atmosphere and the stack corn hybrids in four sub-levels maxima, asv3, magi 704 and 400 were hybrids. the effect of planting pattern, the maximum ...

machine encoding −−−−−→ functional program program transformation −−−−−−−−−−−−→ tail-recursive functional program decoding −−−−−→ abstract machine Our method proposes a new tool for the ‘encoding’ part, as there are multiple choices of how one represents an abstract machine as a functional program. In particular, one can use different data structures to represent the type of the stack of the or...

methods and native methods are considered to be type safe if they do not override a final method. methodIsTypeSafe(Class, Method) :doesNotOverrideFinalMethod(Class, Method), methodAccessFlags(Method, AccessFlags), member(abstract, AccessFlags). methodIsTypeSafe(Class, Method) :doesNotOverrideFinalMethod(Class, Method), methodAccessFlags(Method, AccessFlags), member(native, AccessFlags). doesNot...

Java generic types allow a programmer to create parameterized data structures and methods. For instance, a generic Stack type may be used for integers in one instance and for strings in another. Java compiler guarantees in this case that integers and strings are not mixed in the same stack. We study runtime efficiency of a certain inheritance pattern related to Java generic types: narrowing of ...

Stack-type piezoelectric actuators, which usually consist of several ceramic layers connected in series, are widely used in piezoelectric direct-drive servo valves (PDDSV). However, poor pulling force capacity of this kind of actuators affects the performances of the direct-drive servo valves. This article presents a new type of PDDSV, whose spool-driving mechanism is composed of a set of indep...

CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against viral attacks in archaeal and bacterial cells. Type I systems employ a Cas protein complex termed Cascade, which utilizes small CRISPR RNAs to detect and degrade the exogenic DNA. A small sequence motif, the PAM, marks the foreign substrates. Previously, a recombinant type I-A Cascade complex from the archaeon Thermoproteus tenax was shown to target a...