helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a spiral-shaped gram negative bacterium that naturally colonizes the human gastric epithelium. in recent years, large evidence has come to the literature strongly proposing causal link between h. pylori and extra gastric disorders. cardiovascular system is one of the extra gastric organs that can be affected by h. pylori infection. the first evidence suggestiv...

BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammatory markers and antichlamydial antibodies have been linked to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibo...