Background—Since the initial utilization of heart transplantation as therapy for end-stage pediatric heart disease, improvements have occurred in outcomes with heart transplantation and surgical therapies for congenital heart disease along with the application of medical therapies to pediatric heart failure that have improved outcomes in adults. These events justify a reevaluation of the indica...

Dilated cardiomyopathies are common forms of primary myocardial disorders responsible for severe heart failure which may require cardiac transplantation. Viral infection, alcohol, carnitine deficiency or mutation within the dystrophin gene have been recognized as causative for the myopathy. Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 20% of these cardiomyopathies are inherited. A subs...

King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Selected matched images of 2D (upper row) and iNav-3D (lower row) LGE in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (left), ischaemic heart disease (mid) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (right). LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement Bratis et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic...

Imbalances between myocardial oxygen delivery and oxygen demand result in ischemic heart disease. Accurate stratification of risk for permanent myocardial injury and appropriate choice of therapy are critical in the successful management of ischemic heart disease. Dental therapy can be performed safely for most ambulatory patients with ischemic heart disease.

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are considered normal in many circumstances but can act as markers to other cardiac disease such as cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. This case is presented to illustrate frequent PVCs as a marker for serious heart disease.

Powerful vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory reflexes are activated in humans during inferior wall myocardial ischemia or infarction and during restoration of flow to the ischemic region. Experiments in dogs have demonstrated that these responses are due to stimulation of afferent vagal fibers that are located mainly in the inferior wall of the heart. Prostaglandins are released during myocardia...

Anginal symptoms and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia, despite angiographically normal coronary arteries, are common in patients with cardiomyopathies and those with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pressure overload. Studies using positronemission tomography (PET) to measure regional myocardial blood flow have demonstrated that maximum myocardial blood fl...

Complete heart block implies an absolute independence between atria and ventricles that does not in fact always exist. Segers showed that, after complete block was artificially produced in the frog's heart, atria and ventricles would sometimes begin to beat exactly in phase, most commonly in a 2 to 1 ratio. He subsequently reported one clinical example of 2 to 1 A-V synchronization in a patient...

Complete heart block implies an absolute independence between atria and ventricles that does not in fact always exist. Segers showed that, after complete block was artificially produced in the frog's heart, atria and ventricles would sometimes begin to beat exactly in phase, most commonly in a 2 to 1 ratio. He subsequently reported one clinical example of 2 to 1 A-V synchronization in a patient...

Complete heart block implies an absolute independence between atria and ventricles that does not in fact always exist. Segers showed that, after complete block was artificially produced in the frog's heart, atria and ventricles would sometimes begin to beat exactly in phase, most commonly in a 2 to 1 ratio. He subsequently reported one clinical example of 2 to 1 A-V synchronization in a patient...