BACKGROUND Most congenital heart diseases (CHDs) have specific hemodynamics, including volume and pressure overload, as well as cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension, associated with anatomical abnormalities. Such hemodynamic abnormalities can cause activation of neurohormones, inflammatory cytokines, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, which in turn contribute to the development of path...

Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common complication of cardiac resulting from the patient's exposure to complex combination factors in perioperative period. Current diagnostic criteria for AKI may underestimate incidence this due certain specific features patients. The introduction new biomarkers into clinical practice has shown prospective identifying patients ear...

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and carries a poor prognosis. Hemodynamic and inflammatory factors and the release of labile iron, contributing to oxidation from reactive oxygen species are among the major determinants of cardiac surgery-associated AKI. The diagnosis of AKI is typically delayed because of the limitations of currently used clinical biomarkers indic...

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that cardiac-enriched micro-RNAs can serve as accurate biomarkers that reflect myocardial injury and to predict the postoperative course following pediatric cardiac surgery. Micro-RNAs have emerged as plasma biomarkers for many pathologic states. We aimed to quantify preoperative and postoperative plasma levels of cardiac-enriched micro-RNA-208a, -208b, and -49...

BACKGROUND The elevated WBC count has been accepted as part of healing response following myocardial infarction as well as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. The study was designed to find out correlation between WBC count and coronary risk factors, cardiac biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), incidence of adverse cardiac events and mortality in patients of ACS in Pakistan. METHOD...

Sepsis has high incidence and mortality rates around the world. The role of cardiac depression in myocardial dysfunction during sepsis remains to be elucidated. This review attempts to summarize our understanding of the anatomical, histopathological, and pathophysiological mechanisms behind cardiac dysfunction. Biomarkers to detect cardiac depression have been used to recognize developing probl...

Introduction Changes in cardiac mediators remain a subject of research interest. Instantly obtainable biomarkers that are performed routinely, are inexpensive and are characterized by linkages to outcome in cardiac surgery settings are optimum. Post-operative conventional cardiac troponins are linked to shortand middle-length outcomes [1] but highly sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) has not been ext...

Background Cardiac biomarkers have become increasingly important in cardiovascular disease. With the ability to detect focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis, CMR is an important imaging biomarker. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis, reflected by increased extracellular volume (ECV), may underlie increased cardiovascular risk. ECV could provide a novel tool to evaluate the association myocardial-specif...

Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, caused by deficiency or absence of the alpha-galactosidase A activity, with a consequent glycosphingolipid accumulation. Biomarkers and imaging findings may be useful for diagnosis, identification of an organ involvement, therapy monitoring and prognosis. The aim of this article is to review the current available literature...

Background/Introduction Predicting major adverse events and death in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is based on clinical risk scores such as Euroscore. This score has a moderate power for discriminating morbidity. Natriuretic peptides are wellestablished biomarkers in numerous clinical settings, prognostic, diagnostic and treatment of cardiac failure. In cardiac surgical patients the role ...