gramme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to pro duce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in sorne occupations and as a result of human habits) and of exposures to other agents, such as radiation and viruses. With Supplement...

BACKGROUND The distribution of HPV genotypes, their association with rigorously confirmed cervical precancer endpoints, and factors associated with HPV infection have not been previously documented among HIV-infected women in India. We conducted an observational study to expand this evidence base in this population at high risk of cervical cancer. METHODS HIV-infected women (N = 278) in Pune,...

results based on the results obtained by the applied technique, the presence of carcinogenic compounds, n-nitrosomethyl-vinylamine (162 µg/g), n-nitrosonornicotine (6.3 µg/g), and acetaldehyde (117 µg/g) was confirmed in the sample. objectives the current study aimed to chemically analyze, separate and measure the existing substances in a type of chewing tobacco. materials and methods in the cu...

Estimates of risk associated with exposure to low levels of carcinogenic substances present in the environment are generally obtained by linear extrapolation from higher exposure levels at which risks can be estimated directly. In this paper, we examine the scientific basis for the assumption of low-dose linearity in carcinogenic risk assessment and the different statistical methods that have b...

ln 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and...

Water quality is closely associated with human health and socio-economic sustainable development. With the increasingly intensive anthropogenic activities, pollutants especially trace elements, enter water aquatic system cause harm to humans. This study conducted first systematic comparison on pollution status of surface groundwater in China. risk assessment 12 elements were evaluated according...

Carcinogenic agents can influence the carcinogenic process either by mutating critical target genes or by increasing the number of cells at risk for mutations. Cytogenetic and molecular studies of asbestos-related cancers indicate that inactivation or loss of multiple tumor suppressor genes occurs during lung cancer development. Aneuploidy and other chromosomal changes induced by asbestos fiber...