In humans, high concentrations of CO(2), as found in carbonated beverages, evoke a mixture of sensations that include a stinging or pungent quality. The stinging sensation is thought to originate with the activation of nociceptors, which innervate the respiratory, nasal, and oral epithelia. The molecular basis for this sensation is unknown. Here we show that CO(2) specifically activates a subpo...

SEVERAL REPORTS HAVE been published from this department regarding the pharmaeokineties of carbonated lidoeaine base during anaesthesia. 1-a In comparison with the hydroehloride salts, for epidural anaesthesia carbonated solutions of local anaesthetics have been shown to have a decreased latent period for onset of analgesia; a decreased latent period for complete spread of anaesthesia; a decrea...

This study aimed to investigate the influence of carbonated drinks with gas volumes (GV) of 0, 1.5, and 2.7 on linguapalatal swallowing pressure, intraoral carbonation perception, and maximum velocity of a bolus through the pharynx in healthy volunteers (N = 20, all female, age range; 20-21 years). The volunteers swallowed a 12-mL drink in the natural state. Linguapalatal swallowing pressure wa...

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations (FeNO) are elevated in asthmatic children and have been used inter alia to guide inhaled corticosteroid treatment in children [1]. Caffeine consumption might influence FeNO independently of asthma and more than one plausible mechanism has been identified. Studies in adults have reported changes in FeNO within 1 h of caffeine ingestion but the resul...

Formation, evolution and vanishing of bubbles are common phenomena in nature, which can be easily observed in boiling or falling water, carbonated drinks, gas-forming electrochemical reactions and so on. However, the morphology and the growth dynamics of the bubbles at nanoscale have not been fully investigated owing to the lack of proper imaging tools that can visualize nanoscale objects in th...

Single-crystal hydroxyapatite and OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite have bending strength much higher than that of dense hydroxyapatite ceramic, indicating potential applicability to a load-bearing biomaterial. However, the effects of carbonate on the strength are less clear. The objective of the present study was to determine the bending strength and Young's modulus of these single crystals with ca...

Chemical stimulation of the swallowing network with carbonation and citric acid has been investigated, showing potential benefits on swallowing of dysphagic patients. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effects of 5 ml liquid bolus swallows of carbonated, citric acid, and still water on a swallowing reaction-time tasks par...

Aim: This study evaluates erosive potential of commonly used carbonated beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with without restoration,in vitro. Materials Methods: Test medias in this included beverage (Thums UP), medicatedsyrup (zincovit multivitamin syurp moxikindcv) saline water as the control. A total 80 sections were obtained from 40 previously extracted human prem...

AIM To analyse serious eye injuries caused by bottles containing pressurised drinks. METHODS Retrospective review of the databases of US, Hungarian, and Mexican eye injury registries. RESULTS In the combined database (12 889 injuries), 90 cases (0.7%) were caused by bottle tops or glass splinters. The incidence varied widely: 0.3% (United States), 3.1% (Hungary), and 0.9% (Mexico), as did t...

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is of fundamental importance, for example, for regulation of blood pH, in the acidification of the oceans, and in the dissolution of carbonates. This six-atom molecule commonly found in carbonated drinks in submicromolar concentrations has so far eluded most attempts at isolation and direct detection. Despite the widespread belief that it is a highly instable molecule, the...