pontryagin's principle is used to study the shape of the supersonic part of the nozzle of a carbon dioxide gas-dynamic laser whose gain is maximal. the exact shape is obtained for the uncoupled approximation of anderson's bimodal model. in this case, if sharp corners are allowed, the ceiling of the supersonic part consists of a slant rectangular sheet followed by a horizontal one; oth...

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), hallmark GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied previous local therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the vocal outcomes of patients with early-stage glottic carcinoma undergoing laser resection with adjuvant cryoablative therapy. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary care center. Patients Twenty patients with early-stage glottic carcinoma. Intervention Treatment of early-stage glottic carcinoma with endoscopic carbon dioxide laser resection in conjunction with...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery as a conservative tool plays a peculiar role in the management of head and neck cancer. Numerous patients who were candidates for transoral laryngeal microsurgery have forced us to eliminate frozen-section evaluation of surgical margins and use a magnified view of the larynx. The present study evaluated surgeon-judged negative margins with permanent microscopi...

in this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutions. ...

We describe quantum-chemical calculations on dimers of CO(2) and use the results to develop first-principles models for Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of the phase coexistence curve. Isotropic pairwise potentials are insufficient to model the phase behavior and overestimate the binding in liquid CO(2) by 4 kJ mol(-1). An anisotropic treatment of the atoms in the pairwise potential reduc...