This paper proposes an examination of recent (published since the late 1960s) editions of nineteenth-century Brazilian and Spanish American novels with a considerable component of romanticism. It focuses upon the way in which editors, translators, preface-writers, and especially illustrators, seek to communicate to current-day readers the significance and worth of novels written under the sway ...

Though modeled on the insistent factuality that had defined prefatory material in fiction a century earlier (what scholars have called pseudofactual mode), narrative frame of found manuscript utilized early American novels like Unca Eliza Winkfield's The Female (1767) and Susanna Rowson's Reuben Rachel (1798) long been recognized as "fiction" itself. Linking this trope to current debates over "...

In the third part of this article on Avicenna's Canon of Medicine, diseases of the bladder other than bladder calculus are reviewed. Avicenna covers topic on bladder infection, pelvic abscess, urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, bladder tumors, bladder dysfunction, urinary retention, and neurogenic bladder. The interesting point is that 10 centuries ago, Avicenna had described almost all disease...

A system for the synthesis of singing on the basis of an articulatory speech synthesizer is presented. To enable the synthesis of singing, the speech synthesizer was extended in many respects. Most importantly, a rule-based transformation of a musical score into a gestural score for articulatory gestures was developed. Furthermore, a pitch-dependent articulation of vowels was implemented. The r...

Unexpectedly occurring task-irrelevant stimuli have been shown to impair performance. They capture attention away from the main task leaving fewer resources for target processing. However, the actual distraction effect depends on various variables; for example, only target-informative distractors have been shown to cause costs of attentional orienting. Furthermore, recent studies have shown tha...

What sort of people were the doctors in this country two hundred years ago and later ? How did they dress, speak and act, and how did their contemporaries regard them ? One way to answer these questions is to read the novels of the time : provided, of course, that we confine ourselves to those novels which attempt to portray contemporary life and manners, and which were accepted as such by the ...

Eliza Haywood produced innovative, socially meritorious, and entertaining literature throughout her career. In particular, her novels often told stories about people who did not always make socially or morally correct choices; their missteps made them interesting and provided the basis for stories that examined what happened when people defied the status quo. Alexander Pettit observes that " [i...

Word segmentation is a necessary first step for automatic syntactic analysis of Chinese text. Chinese segmentation is highly accurate on news data, but the accuracies drop significantly on other domains, such as science and literature. For scientific domains, a significant portion of out-of-vocabulary words are domain-specific terms, and therefore lexicons can be used to improve segmentation si...