Nasopharyngeal secretions from adults and children were obtained in Stockholm, Sweden, for routine diagnosis of influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, and adenovirus infections by demonstration of viral antigens directly in the specimens. The cells in nasopharyngeal secretions were pelleted by centrifugation for preparation of cell de...

BACKGROUND Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. The seroprevalence to BRSV in Norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. The aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of BRSV and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of BRD and to perfo...

In 2004, canine influenza virus subtype H3N8 emerged in greyhounds in the United States. Subsequent serologic evidence indicated virus circulation in dog breeds other than greyhounds, but the virus had not been isolated from affected animals. In 2005, we conducted virologic investigation of 7 nongreyhound dogs that died from respiratory disease in Florida and isolated influenza subtype H3N8 vir...

Class I viral fusion proteins share common mechanistic and structural features but little sequence similarity. Structural insights into the protein conformational changes associated with membrane fusion are based largely on studies of the influenza virus hemagglutinin in pre- and postfusion conformations. Here, we present the crystal structure of the secreted, uncleaved ectodomain of the paramy...

HMV-II, a human malignant melanoma cell line, was compared with other cell lines (MDCK, Vero, and LLC-MK2) and primary cultures of monkey kidney (PMK) cells for the isolation and quantification of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. HMV-II cells were superior to MDCK and LLC-MK2 cells in quantification of the influenza C virus and were used successfully in the isolation of the virus from clini...

An outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection that occurred in a special neonatal care unit is described. Birth weights of affected infants ranged from 1860 to 2080 g and gestational ages were between 28 and 32 weeks. Three infants presented with recurrent episodes of apnoea associated with oxygen desaturations on postnatal ages of 16 days, 26 days and 66 days respectively; upper respirat...

The antiviral effects of bovine interferons on the replication of bovine respiratory tract viruses were studied. Bovine turbinate monolayer cultures were treated with bovine interferons and challenged with several bovine herpesvirus 1 strains, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, goat respiratory syncytial virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine adenovirus type 7, ...

Viral etiologies of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have been less studied in adult than in pediatric populations. Furthermore, the ability of PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to detect enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in respiratory samples has not been well evaluated. We sought to use PCR/ESI-MS to comprehensively investigate the viral epidemiology of adult RTIs, i...

5-Ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) and 6'-(R)-6'-C-methylneplanocin A (TJ13025) are two novel antiviral agents which are targeted against IMP dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, respectively. These compounds have been examined for their activities against various strains of orthomyxoviruses (influenza virus) and paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza virus, ...