Wegeneralize the linear-time shortest-paths algorithm for planar graphswith nonnegative edge-weights of Henzinger et al. (1994) to work for any proper minor-closed class of graphs.We argue that their algorithm can not be adapted by standardmethods to all proper minor-closed classes. By using recent deep results in graph minor theory, we show how to construct an appropriate recursive division in...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), invented in 1986, expanded the application of scanning tunneling microscopy to nonconductive, soft, and live biological samples (Binnig et al., 1986; Hansma et al., 1988; Marti et al., 1988; Drake et al., 1989). AFM has several capabilities, including characterizing topographic details of surfaces from the submolecular level to the cellular level (Radmacher et al....

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of a number of heparin-binding proteins characterized by their potent mitogenic effects on cells, their ability to promote migration and differentiation, and to induce angiogenesis (reviewed by Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987; Gospodarowicz, 1988). FGF has also been implicated in the regulation of vertebrate development. Mesoderm-inducing activi...

-An iterative learning control scheme is presented for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems which includes holonomic systems as its subset. The control scheme is composed of two types of control methodology: a linear feedback mechanism and a feedforward learning strategy. At each iteration, the linear feedback provides stability of the system and keeps its state errors within uniform bounds. Th...

Conducting qualitative research in applied linguistics seems to have some challenges. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the challenges of applied linguists across different research abilities to conduct qualitative studies. To that end, the biographical narratives, authored by 13 applied linguists, were collected. Then, the narratives were analyzed through qualitative data analysis princip...

Mammalian platelets are small cell fragments with neither nu­ cleus nor microtubule organizing center. They circulate in the blood stream to survey vascular integrity. In their quiescent state, they have a flat, discoid morphology caused by a micro­ tubular ring structure, called the marginal band (MB), in the pe­ riphery of resting platelets (White and Rao, 1998). Endothelial damage will induc...

In Vanderbei et al. (2003), we introduced a class of shaped pupil masks, called spiderweb masks, that produce point spread functions having annular dark zones. With such masks, a single image can be used to probe a star for extrasolar planets. In this paper, we introduce a new class of shaped pupil masks that also provide annular dark zones. We call these masks starshaped masks. Given any circu...

A recent paper by Grutters et al makes the case for early health economic modeling in the development of health technologies. A number of examples of the value of early modeling are given, with analyses being performed at different stages in the development of several non-drug health technologies. This commentary acknowledges the contribution of the paper by Grutters et...