In this study, a total of 299 grain samples of wheat were collected from four production regions: the maize, sugar beet, potato and feed sectors of Slovakia. The samples were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON) content by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Ridascreen® Fast DON. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between years in DON contents (p < 0.027). The occurrence...

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by the mold Fusarium graminearum and is found 'worldwide on cereal grains. in particular .vheat and maize. Each year this compound. also known as ....·omitoxin· causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Three monoclonal antibodies were developed following the immunization of mice with a conjugate of DON and ovalbumin. One of these ant...

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by several Fusarium spp., acts as a virulence factor and is essential for symptom development after initial wheat infection. Accumulating evidence shows that the production of this secondary metabolite can be triggered by diverse environmental and cellular signals, implying that it might have additional roles during the life cycle of the fungus. Here...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is among the major causes of reduced quality in winter wheat and its products. In addition, the causal fungi produce a variety of toxins. A relatively high FHB infection rate in winter wheat was observed in 2007 and 2008 in Luxembourg. A fusariotoxin survey was carried out in 17 different geographical locations. Three groups of Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes A an...

A crude cell-free extract from cultures of Fusarium sp. strain C37410-90 possessed significant esterase activity and hydrolyzed the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) to deoxynivalenol (DON) in high yield. Smaller amounts of 15-acetyl- and 3,15-diacetyl-esters of DON were also formed. The extract was capable of hydrolyzing a range of natural and semisynthetic trichothecene...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi, which is found in a wide range of agricultural products, especially in wheat, barley, oat and corn. In this study, the distribution of DON in the wheat kernel and the effect of exposure time to ozone on DON detoxification were investigated. A high concentration of toxin was found in the outer part of the kernel, and DON ...

An untargeted screening strategy for the detection of biotransformation products of xenobiotics using stable isotopic labelling (SIL) and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is reported. The organism of interest is treated with a mixture of labelled and non-labelled precursor and samples are analysed by LC-HRMS. Raw data are processed with the recently developed Me...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and other ribotoxic trichothecenes cause immune stimulation and suppression in leukocytes by upregulating gene expression and apoptosis, respectively. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that MAPKs mediate both apoptosis and survival in DON-exposed macrophages. At concentrations which partially inhibit translation, DON induced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK...

Samples of wheat naturally infected by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe were obtained from mills in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Minnesota and fields in Nebraska and Kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). The wheat was milled, and DON was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts, reduction flour, and break flour). The DON recoveries for each mill run ranged ...

Fosfomycin (FOS) is an antibiotic used in pig farms for treatment and prevention of infections caused by resistant bacteria during the post-weaning period. Antibiotics and non-toxic concentrations of mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) are frequently found in the diet of animals. These compounds can establish interactions in the intestinal tract, which could affect and/or modify the penetr...