In this study, it was investigated whether different bee breeds prefer plant sources to collect propolis. For purpose four honey race (Apis mellifera caucasica, A. m. carnica, syriaca and anatoliaca) naturally have been in Turkey were placed the same isolated apiary; Propolis harvested from these races. chemical contents of alcoholic extractions propolis analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem...

Taxonomy, nomenclature, morphology, and distribution of Campanula farinosa are updated. The species is for the first time reported Ural Western Siberia; C. krylovii relegated to its synonymy. Morphological characters discriminating glomerata revised; stability these features throughout whole area ranging from Central Europe Siberia underlined as an argument favoring (not subspecies) status latt...

That stalks reorient after flowering to face upwards is a common phenomenon in many flowering plants, indicating the potential importance of fruit orientation on seed dispersal. But this idea has not been subject to an empirical test. We examined this hypothesis by analysing the evolutionary correlation between fruit orientation and other characters and by investigating the effects of fruit ori...

Large-scale rodent control can help to manage endangered species that are vulnerable to invasive rodent consumption. A 26 ha rodent snap-trap grid was installed in montane forest on Oahu Island, Hawaii, in order to protect endangered snails and plants. To assess the effectiveness of this trapping operation in reducing fruit consumption and seed predation of the endangered Hawaiian lobeliad, Cya...