Inhibitors of Wnt signaling promote normal development and prevent cancer by restraining when and where the Wnt pathway is activated. ROR proteins, a class of Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine kinases, inhibit Wnt signaling by an unknown mechanism. To clarify how RORs inhibit the Wnt pathway, we examined the relationship between Wnts and the sole C. elegans ROR homolog, cam-1, during C. elegans vul...

Integrative Medicine (IM) is the most recent concept on the Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) debate, regarding the introduction and management of new practices in the health systems. This paper analyzed the different definitions of IM and its relation to CAM, through a systematic literature review on Medline, during the period of 1996 to 2005. The keyword "Integrative Medicine" was...

Posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components employ a tibial post and femoral cam mechanism to guide anteroposterior knee motion in lieu of the posterior cruciate ligament. Some PS TKA patients report a clicking sensation when the post and cam engage, while severe wear and fracture of the post; we hypothesize that these complications are associated with excessive impact ve...

BACKGROUND Delirium is common in the early stages of hospitalization for a variety of acute and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two delirium screening tools, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychInfo for relevant articles published in ...

Cam-effect impingement, which is related to femoral headneck deformity, is a common cause of hip impingement. Statistical shape modelling technique which aims to calculate a mean shape and to extract mathematical descriptions of morphological variations from a set of complex shapes was used to predict a normal shape for a cam-type femur based on landmarks taken from normal area of this cam-type...

The establishment of symbiotic associations in plants requires calcium oscillations that must be decoded to invoke downstream developmental programs. In animal systems, comparable calcium oscillations are decoded by calmodulin (CaM)–dependent protein kinases, but symbiotic signaling involves a calcium/CaM–dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) that is unique to plants. CCaMK differs from the animal C...

Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary calcium signaling protein in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied using various biophysical techniques. Prior crystal structures have noted the presence of ambiguous electron density in both hydrophobic binding pockets of Ca(2+)-CaM, but no assignment of these features has been made. In addition, Ca(2+)-CaM samples many conformational substates in the crys...

The solute carrier gene family 26 (SLC26) encodes membrane proteins with diverse physiological roles but with the common feature of halide involvement. Here, we present bioinformatic and biochemical evidence that SLC26 proteins have intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in their C-terminal domains and that these regions contain calmodulin (CaM) binding sites. The veracity of these predictions...

S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and SPC (sphingosylphosphorylcholine) have been recently recognized as important mediators of cell signalling, regulating basic cellular processes such as growth,differentiation, apoptosis, motility and Ca2+ homoeostasis.Interestingly, they can also act as first and second messengers. Although their activation of cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors has been st...

Calcium-dependent changes in the internal dynamics and average structures of the opposing globular domains of calmodulin (CaM), as well as their relative spatial arrangement, contribute to the productive association between CaM and a range of different target proteins, affecting their functional activation. To identify dynamic structural changes involving individual alpha-helical elements and t...