RENAI. CALCULUS is a comimnon disease in Northern Ireland. In the past fifteen months I have seen 55 cases. In 54 per cent. of these cases calculi have been formed more than once, and in 33 per cent. stones have been formed in both kidneys on more than one occasion, not counting two cases in which there were bilateral calculi when the patient first appeared.

The incidence of kidney stones is common in the United States and treatments for them are very costly. This review article provides information about epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of kidney stone formation, and methods for the evaluation of stone risks for new and follow-up patients. Adequate evaluation and management can prevent recurrence of stones. Kidney stone prev...

1. Variations with age in body weight, urine volume and calcium and creatinine excretion were determined in 246 normal subjects and 305 patients with calciumcontaining renal stones. 2. Body weight, urine volume and creatinine excretion increased with age to a maximum in the third decade in both male and female controls and stone-formers. Thereafter body weight and urine volume did not change ap...

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cynodon dactylon(C.dactylon) roots on calcium oxalate calculi in rat. Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A received tap drinking water while, Groups B, C, and D received 1% ethylene glycol daily for 28 days. Rats in groups C and D received ethan...

this is a letter to editor.There is growing interest in the health benefits of botanical diuretics. (1-2) ‎Avicenna (980-1037 AD), the foremost Iranian physician,‎‏ ‏introduced ‎numerous herbs as diuretics in his renowned book of Canon of Medicine. (3)‎Avicenna and his followers have recommended herbal diuretics for most ‎ailments accompanied by fluid superabundance like lassitude, oedema, and ...

BACKGROUND Pakistan lies in the Afro-Asia stone belt. Ureteric calculi are common occurrence and a major burden on health care facilities in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pneumatic lithoclast in the management of ureteric calculi. METHODS Case series study Department of Urology at Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad Peshawar, from 1st Oct 20...

objective: this study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of cynodon dactylon(c.dactylon) roots on calcium oxalate calculi in rat. materials and methods: 24 wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group a received tap drinking water while, groups b, c, and d received 1% ethylene glycol daily for 28 days. rats in groups c and d received ethano...

A wide variety of calcifications may develop in the urinary tract. Calculi, the most common form of urinary tract calcification, are usually radiopaque due to their calcium content, whereas cystine stones tend to be less opaque. In cortical nephrocalcinosis, calcification may be spotty or may appear as a thin rim outlining the cortex. Intracystic calcification is usually thin and peripheral and...

A female patient from a remote village and poor socioeconomic background presented to our clinic with abdominal pain at the right flank. She had a history of endoscopic double J stent placement four years prior. However, the details were not available, as neither the patient nor her relatives were aware of the history. An ultrasonography was performed and revealed moderate hydronephrosis of the...

Background: The application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) renal calculi gives excellent fragmentation results. Nevertheless, the retention of postESWL fragments within the kidney is still an important trouble. The aim of this paper is to study the regrowth of COD real spontaneously passed post-ESWL calculi fragments as a function of urinary c...