This paper extends an arbitrary action calculus [11] to higher order, in a way which parallels the extension of the -calculus [13] to higher order by Sangiorgi [18]. Action calculi are a subclass of action structures [10], which in turn are an enriched class of monoidal categories. Each action calculus AC(K) is distinguished by its set K of controls and their reaction rules. The notion of actio...

Urethral calculi Sonography Noninvasive screening technique Abstract We performed sonography in 7 males with membranous and posterior urethral calculi. Sonography demonstrated the urethral calculi in all 7 patients. These findings suggest that sonography is useful as a noninvasive screening technique for urethral calculi. Shigehiko Koga, Department of Urology, Nagasaki University, School of Med...

OBJECTIVES To disclose the link between the composition of urolithiasis, especially that of uric acid calculi, and obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who had urinary calculi and underwent surgical treatment were registered in the study. The composition of urinary calculi was analyzed and correlated with clinical features and biomed...

We present several calculi that integrate equality handling by superposition and ordered paramodulation into a free variable tableau calculus. We prove completeness of this calculus by an adaptation of themodel generation [1, 13] technique commonly used for completeness proofs of resolution calculi. The calculi and the completeness proof are compared to earlier results of Degtyarev and Voronkov...

In this paper we invite the reader to a journey through three lambda calculi with resource control: the lambda calculus, the sequent lambda calculus, and the lambda calculus with explicit substitution. All three calculi enable explicit control of resources due to the presence of weakening and contraction operators. Along this journey, we propose intersection type assignment systems for all thre...

Drug-induced renal calculi represent 1-2% of all renal calculi. In the last decade, drugs used for the treatment of HIV-infected patients have become the most frequent cause of drug-containing urinary calculi. Among these agents, protease inhibitors (PIs) are well known to induce kidney stones, especially indinavir and atazanavir, and more recently darunavir. Urolithiasis attributable to other ...

BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia have been demonstrated to have higher overall morbidity and all-cause mortality rates from general medical conditions. However, little attention has been given to the urinary system of people with schizophrenia. As no direct evidence has been reported demonstrating a link between schizophrenia and urinary calculi, this study utilized a population-based case-...

BACKGROUND Pulp stones or denticles are frequently found in the dental pulp; there is, however, scarce evidence about this phenomenon. Regardless of the obvious endodontic problem of inhibiting access to the canals and their further treatment, they have not been given great importance. The latest experiences of scientific and practical research, including examinations of dental calcifications a...