The modulation of solubilized type 1 and type 2 benzodiazepine receptors from cow brain by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), divalent cations, and anions has been evaluated. GABA stimulates [3H] flunitrazepam binding of both receptor subtypes, whereas divalent cations and anions selectively stimulate solubilized type 2 receptors. Of numerous anions examined, only chloride, bromide, and iodide enh...

Xanthan gum, a hydrophilic biopolymer with modified release properties, was used to produce directly compressed matrix tablets containing a model drug, Sodium paminosalicylate. Three formulations were prepared, each containing a different calcium dihydrate salt: Calcium Chloride, Calcium Sulfate or Dibasic Calcium Phosphate. The aim of the investigation was to relate the calcium ion content and...

Hygroscopic salts have been detected in soils in the northern latitudes of Mars, and widespread chloride-bearing evaporitic deposits have been detected in the southern highlands. The deliquescence of hygroscopic minerals such as chloride salts could provide a local and transient source of liquid water that would be available for microorganisms on the surface. This is known to occur in the Ataca...

The role of calcium-activated chloride channels for renal function is unknown. By immunohistochemistry we demonstrate dominant expression of the recently identified calcium-activated chloride channels, Anoctamin 1 (Ano1, TMEM16A) in human and mouse proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells, with some expression in podocytes and other tubular segments. Ano1-null mice had proteinuria and numerous l...

Vertebrates have evolved gills and homologous organ parathyroid that regulate calcium level in the blood in their different living environments. In higher teleosts, chloride cells in the skin are known to regulate calcium level, yet molecular mechanisms that control development of these cells during the evolution of higher teleosts remain to be investigated. We discuss a possible role of the ev...

Taste receptor cells contain a heterogeneous array of voltage-dependent ion conductances that are essential components for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Although mechanistic roles have been proposed for several cationic conductances, the understanding of anionic currents is rudimentary. This study characterizes biophysical and pharmacological properties of chloride currents in rat post...

Six isolates of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from leaves and stems of different tomato varieties taken from four areas in the northwest of Algeria where tomato is mostly grown in greenhouses and high tunnels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two salts, NaCl and CaCl2, on three stages of Botrytis cinerea's life cycle. All isolates tested were stimulated in 50 to 150 ...

Herein, we present the first example of a benzimidazolium-based artificial transmembrane chloride transporter and a synthetic calcium ionophore that can regulate intracellular calcium concentrations in bacteria.

Calcium has been proposed as a mediator of nerve fiber degeneration following traumatic injury of the spinal cord. It induces a spongy, necrotizing myelopathy similar in its evolution to that observed in experimental spinal cord trauma. The current study was undertaken to determine the ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system (CNS) nerve fibers associated with calcium-induced myelo...

The activity of calcium-activated chloride channels is controlled through the complex interaction of cellular mechanisms affecting calcium entry, buffering, and extrusion, and an unknown stoichiometric relation between intracellular Ca concentration and Cl channel activation. Here, we show that calcium-activated chloride current [ICl(Ca)] in cone photoreceptors is also highly sensitive to exter...