We investigate the effects of outliers on the KPSS tests. We find that for nonstationary series outliers induce spurious stationarity by lowering the power of these tests. The empirical size of these tests is also found to be sensitive to the location of the outlier. JEL classification: C15, C22

This paper estimates the speed of the adjustment coefficient in structural error correction models (ECM) and employs a system method for real exchange rates with Hansen and Sargent’s (1980, 1982) IV methods. Empirical results show that the half-lives of purchasing power parity deviations are less than one year in most cases. JEL classification: C22, F31, F41

In mammals, the fatty acid transport proteins (FATP1 through FATP6) are members of a highly conserved family of proteins, which function in fatty acid transport proceeding through vectorial acylation and in the activation of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. FATP1, 2 and 4, for example directly function in fatty acid transport and very long chain ...

To examine the correlation between the structure of Bcl-2 and its inhibitory function of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase activity, we established a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, MN9D overexpressing Bcl-2 (MN9D/Bcl-2) or its structural mutants. The mutants comprised a point mutation in the BH1 (G145A; MN9D/BH1) or BH2 (W188A; MN9D/BH2) domain and a deletion mutation in the C-termina...

The ability of rat liver microsomes to catalyze UDP-glucuronic acid-dependent glucuronidation of monohydroxy-bile acids was examined. The following bile acids were used as substrates, each as the 3 alpha and 3 beta epimer: 3-hydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid (C24), 3-hydroxy-5 beta-norcholanoic acid (C23), 3-hydroxy-5 beta-bisnorcholanoic acid (C22), 3-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-21-oic acid (C21), and ...

BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is the deadliest cancer, with earlier stage patients having a better opportunity of long-term survival. The goal of this study is to screen less-invasive and efficient biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell LC (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed the simultaneous quantitative detection of six serum unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs, C16:1, C18:3, C...

This study shows that annual output data of the G7 countries in the twentieth century are better characterized as transitory deviations from a (shifting) growth trend than as integrated processes. Furthermore, I find no two countries share common business cycles. JEL classification: C22, E32, 057

The recurring issue with cell penetrating peptides is how to increase direct translocation vs. endocytosis, to avoid premature degradation. Acylation by a cis unsaturated chain (C22:6) of a short cationic peptide provides a new rational design to favour diffuse cytosolic and dense Golgi localisations.