In the narrow geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls a stable rear wall exists in a short distance and so there is no enough space to extend appropriate length of reinforcements. In this case, the probability of overturning of retaining wall increases especially when subjected to earthquake loading. To increase the stability of the wall, reinforcements may be connected to the stable rear surfa...

States exist in an anarchic international system which survival is the necessary precursor to fulfilling all of their citizens’ other interests. Yet states’ inhabitants – and policymakers they empower also hold social ideas about ends that state should value how it pursue them: ‘role’ expect ‘play’ politics. Furthermore, such role-performative impulses can motivate external behaviours inimical ...

Chest wall surgery is a new specialty, which comes from the traditional thoracic but it has characteristics. Because chest must consider appearance of wall, can be regarded as plastic surgery. In addition, because every kind disease involves changes bony structures also orthopedics. The concepts and orthopedics have injected thinking into played positive role in its final healthy development. T...

Introduction: The horizontal bony canal in the lateral maxillary wall is the site of anastomosis between the arterial branches from the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAa) and the infraorbital artery. This anatomic structure is known as the ‘alveolar antral artery’.   Materials and Methods: We performed a literature review. The anatomic location of the alveolar antral artery in the latera...

the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the use of polypropylene mesh and glycerol preserved bovine pericardium (gbp) to repaire abdominal wall defects in 24 clinically healthy mongrel dogs using inlay and underlay techniques. twenty four healthy mongrel dogs were used in this study. the animals were divided into two main groups according to the type of the prosthetic material used. each ...