background: malaria is well known for its fatalities worldwide, plasmodium vivax and the plasmodium falciparum are the two important species of malaria reported from pakistan and creating lots of morbidities across the country. method: study was conducted to determine the surveillance of malaria in south punjab by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). result : 40 samples out of 100 pa...

conclusions the study indicated that the rate of p. jirovecii infection is similar to those reported from asian, indian and african countries. the similarity of the genetic pattern between iranian and indian isolates is probably due to their close geographical proximity. patients and methods we used two nested pcr and pcr-rflp assays to amplify mt lsu rrna and dhps genes in 126 samples obtained...

cryptosporidiosis is a gastroenteric disease caused by the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum. water–borne transmission of this organism has become more prevalent in recent years. current method for detection of c. parvum oocysts in water is immunofluoresence assay (ifa). the method is time consuming, laborious and particularly not–specific. it cannot determine the infectivity of detecte...

INTRODUCTION Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the most common atypical pathogen that causes respiratory infections in humans. Laboratory tests are important in the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae because of the atypical features in clinical signs and symptoms. Nowadays, both the P1 adhesin gene and 16S ribosomal (r) RNA (rRNA) gene of M. pneumoniae have been widely detected by polymerase cha...

Leukemic cells from bone marrow (BM) of 17 infants and 127 children with newly diagnosed ALL, as well as fetal liver and BM and normal infant BM samples, were analyzed for presence of a t(4;11) translocation using standard cytogenetic techniques and expression of an MLL-AF4 fusion transcript using standard reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays as well as nested RT-PCR ...

Present study was aimed to examine the diagnostic utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in samples from patients with extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In total 80 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples comprising 70 samples with definite diagnosis of EPTB and 10 samples from known non- EPTB on...

Malaria recurrence not only increases its clinical episodes, but also sustains transmission. It significantly contributes to a high burden of malaria and impedes elimination. can be due reinfection, relapse, or recrudescence. Based on the type recurrence, parasites exhibit similar dissimilar genotypes compared genotype involved in initial infection. This review aimed at showing comprehensive ov...

BACKGROUND Sequencing of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene has become a common approach to microbial community investigations in the fields of human health and environmental sciences. This approach, however, is difficult when the amount of DNA is too low to be amplified by standard PCR. Nested PCR can be employed as it can amplify samples with DNA concentration several-fold lower than standard PC...

The most important restriction for the detection in water samples is the low concentration of Giardia intestinalis cysts, additional difficulty is the presence of PCR inhibitors. We have carried out trials in order to assess the sensitivity of semi-nested PCR and TaqMan real time PCR on the basis of DNA extracted from G. intestinalis cysts coming from spiked environmental and distilled water sa...