Increasingly, policymakers look to the small business sector as a potential engine of economic growth. Policies to promote small businesses include tax relief, direct subsidies, and indirect subsidies through government lending programs. Encouraging lending to small business is the primary policy objective of the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) loan-guarantee program. Using a panel data s...

We use original 2005 survey data from Fiji and Tonga on remittances and household income to estimate the combined impact of migration and remittances on the composition of household income. A two-stage methodology is followed. A variable for the predicted number of migrants in each household is generated to control for selectivity in migration. This variable is then used in a 3SLS remittances a...

Inclusive business is described as private sector-led business initiatives that aim to profi tably engage low-income populations across productive value chains. Th is paper aims to quantify the impact of businesses implementing inclusive business strategies to determine the value to local communities as well as the tourism business. Th e research reviews the direct impact of the business on com...

How does the definition of “entrepreneur” affect research results? We use a 12-year panel of individual tax returns to investigate the relationship of the definition of business form to the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs. Tax returns present multiple indicators of business activity—schedule C, partnerships, subchapter S corporations, etc. We document the extent to which various forms...

The dual income tax combines a progressive tax on labor income and a lower flat rate tax on income from capital. Denmark, Finland, $orway, and Sweden adopted dual income taxes to address a set of tax challenges that arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although developing countries face much different economic, political, and tax environments from the $ordic countries, the dual income tax m...

Several studies in the economic literature have examined the usefulness of leading indicators in forecasting GDP changes. The two main sources of information used in this direction are (a) indexes of consumer and business sentiment and (b) monetary and financial data. Consumer and business sentiment indexes are based on sample surveys conducted by both national statistical services and industry...

We provide new evidence on business cycle fluctuations in skewed labor income risk the United States, Germany, Sweden, and France. document four results. First, all countries, skewness of individual growth is strongly procyclical, whereas its variance flat acyclical. Second, this result also holds for continuously employed, full-time workers, indicating that hours margin not main driver; additi...