We sincerely appreciate the comments made by Warren Snodgrass and Nicol Bush regarding our paper. First of all, we need to clarify that of our population of 130 patients only 66 have already reached pubertal development (55 in the preputial flap group and 11 in the staged repair). The aim of the published paper, as already clearly stated in our discussion, was limited to a retrospective analysi...

environmental variables, including soil water content (swc), act as constraints on crop growth and productivity. therefore, open air (e0), perforated (e1) and non-perforated (e2) plastic housings were used with well-watered (w0), moderately-watered (w1) and water-stressed (w2) bush bean plants to explore the relationships between water-use efficiency (wue), carbon isotope discrimination (δ) and...

Small-holder banana fields are often intercropped with various annual crops to optimize land-use in East and Central Africa, a practice severely constrained by light availability under the canopy. Light is not major constraint newly established fields, giving window of opportunity target light-demanding before shifting more shade-tolerant crops. This study investigated performance climbing bush...