Conformational flexibility in nucleic acids provides a basis for complex structures, binding, and signaling. One-base bulges directly neighboring single-base mismatches in nucleic acids can be present in a minimum of two distinct conformations, complicating the examination of the thermodynamics by calorimetry or UV-monitored melting techniques. To provide additional information about such struc...

Iron-responsive elements (IREs), a natural group of mRNA-specific sequences, bind iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) differentially and fold into hairpins [with a hexaloop (HL) CAGUGX] with helical distortions: an internal loop/bulge (IL/B) (UGC/C) or C-bulge. C-bulge iso-IREs bind IRP2 more poorly, as oligomers (n = 28-30), and have a weaker signal response in vivo. Two trans-loop GC base pairs o...

We report the first abundance analysis of 14 M giant stars in the Galactic bulge, based on R = 25, 000 infrared spectroscopy (1.5−1.8 μm) using NIRSPEC at the Keck telescope. Because some of the bulge M giants reach high luminosities and have very late spectral type, it has been suggested that they are the progeny of only the most metal rich bulge stars, or possibly members of a younger bulge p...

From a diameter-limited sample of 86 ‘face-on’ spiral galaxies, the bulge-to-disk size and luminosity ratios, and other quantitative measurements for the prominence of the bulge are derived. The bulge and disk parameters have been estimated using a seeing convolved Sérsic r bulge and a seeing convolved exponential disk which were fitted to the optical (B,R, and I) and near-infrared (K) galaxy l...

Accurate radial velocities for a sample of 71 planetary nebulae, mostly located in the direction of the Galactic Centre, are presented. Most of the nebulae discussed in this paper are likely members of the Galactic bulge, based on their radial velocity, longitude and derived distance. The data give a large improvement over existing catalogues, doubling the sample of bulge planetary nebulae with...

Boxy and peanut-shaped bulges are seen in about half of edge-on disc galaxies. Comparisons of the photometry and major-axis gas and stellar kinematics of these bulges to simulations of bar formation and evolution indicate that they are bars viewed in projection. If the properties of boxy bulges can be entirely explained by assuming that they are bars, then this may imply that their hosts are pu...

An optical transmission test and a bulge test were designed and tested as part of an endeavor to improve x-ray mask manufacturing. The thicknesses and indices of refraction of silicon nitride membranes were measured with the optical transmission test, and the results were explained using Male's graphical method. The residual stress and bulk modu-lus of silicon nitride membranes and PMMA were me...

We ; present satellite data from the Niagara River plume showing that a large eddy, or bulge, forms and grows in the plume near the mouth of the river. The plume consists of a semicircular bulge region immediately offshore of the mouth and a narrow current that propagates east along the shoreline. During the low-wind period from 27 to 29 May 1999, the width of the bulge more than doubled and th...

The NMR structure analysis is described for two DNA molecules of identical stem sequences with a five base loop containing a pyrimidine, thymin or uracil, in between purines. These five unpaired nucleotides are bulged out and are known to induce a kink in the duplex structure. The dAATAA bulge DNA is kinked between the third and the fourth nucleotide. This contrasts with the previously studied ...

The perivascular microenvironment helps in maintaining stem cells in many tissues. We sought to determine whether there is a perivascular niche for hair follicle stem cells. The association of vessels and follicle progenitor cells began by embryonic day 14.5, when nascent hair placodes had blood vessels approaching them. By birth, a vascular annulus stereotypically surrounded the keratin 15 neg...