The lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) is known to give rise to striatal projection neurons as well as interneurons, which migrate in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to populate the granule cell and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. Because all of these neuronal subtypes express Distalless-related (DLX) homeobox proteins during their differentiation, we set out to further characterize ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All carotid stenosis ratio methods are based on the inability of digital subtraction angiography to measure in millimeters. Each method has potential flaws. The Carotid Stenosis Index (CSI) was designed to reduce ambiguities of NASCET and ECST ratios. We test this method's ability to correctly estimate carotid stenosis using direct computed tomography angiography millimet...

Citation: Willemet R (2015) Commentary: Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb than to the cerebral cortex of eulipotyphlans but not rodents, afrotherians or primates. Commentary: Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb than to the cerebral cortex of eulipotyphlans but not rodents, afrotherians or primates A commentary on Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb th...

In adult Xenopus, the nasal cavity is divided into separate middle (MC) and principal (PC) cavities; the former is used to smell water-borne odorants, the latter air-borne odorants. Recent work has shown that olfactory neurons of each cavity express a distinct subclass of odorant receptors. Moreover, MC and PC axons project to distinct regions of the olfactory bulb. To examine the developmental...

Rabbit pups ingest food, in this case milk, once a day with circadian periodicity and are a natural model of food anticipatory activity. During nursing, several sensory systems receive information about properties of the food, one of them being the olfactory system, which has received little attention in relation to synchronization by food. In addition, the olfactory bulb has a circadian pacema...

Contact between sensory axons and their targets is critical for the development and maintenance of normal neural circuits. Previous work indicates that the removal of afferent contact to the olfactory bulb affects bulb organization, neurophenotypic expression, and cell survival. The studies also suggested changes to the structure of individual cell types. The current work examines the effects o...

Most mammalian brain cells develop from neural progenitor or stem cells that reside in the ventricular and subventricular zone. Interestingly, in rodents and primates, neurogenesis does not end when the olfactory bulb reaches adult size but rather continues throughout life (Kaplan et al., 1985; Kuhn et al., 1996; Pencea et al., 2001). For neurons at two locations in the olfactory bulb, the gran...

A salesman in a red suit who looks suspiciously like Tom Waits presents you with a black steel box with n binary switches on the front and a light bulb on the top. The salesman tells you that the state of the light bulb is controlled by a complex boolean circuit—a collection of AND, OR, and NOT gates connected by wires, with one input wire for each switch and a single output wire for the light ...

Neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the mammalian olfactory bulb give rise to local inhibitory neurons that integrate into existing circuitry throughout adult life. However, the functional properties of neurotransmitter receptors expressed by NPCs are not well understood. In this study, we use patch-clamp recording and calcium imaging to explore the properties of glutamate receptors expressed by N...

A salesman in a red suit who looks suspiciously like Tom Waits presents you with a black steel box with n binary switches on the front and a light bulb on the top. The salesman tells you that the state of the light bulb is controlled by a complex boolean circuit—a collection of AND, OR, and NOT gates connected by wires, with one input wire for each switch and a single output wire for the light ...