Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of fumaric acid supplementation and buffering capacity of the diet on ileal and fecal digestibilities of CP, GE, and amino acids in early-weaned pigs. In two experiments, 12 pigs each were weaned at 14 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum between 15 and 17 d of age. In both experiments, the pigs were fed four diets, b...

Medler, Kathryn and Evanna L. Gleason. Mitochondrial Ca buffering regulates synaptic transmission between retinal amacrine cells. J Neurophysiol 87: 1426–1439, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00627.2001. The diverse functions of retinal amacrine cells are reliant on the physiological properties of their synapses. Here we examine the role of mitochondria as Ca buffering organelles in synaptic transmission betw...

BACKGROUND Obesity researchers increasingly use geographic information systems to measure exposure and access in neighborhood food and physical activity environments. This paper proposes a network buffering approach, the "sausage" buffer. This method can be consistently and easily replicated across software versions and platforms, avoiding problems with proprietary systems that use different ap...

bstract —Rapid changes in extracellular K concentration [K ]o) in the mammalian CNS are counteracted by simple assive diffusion as well as by cellular mechanisms of K learance. Buffering of [K ]o can occur via glial or neuronal ptake of K ions through transporters or K -selective chanels. The best studied mechanism for [K ]o buffering in the rain is called K spatial buffering, wherein the glial...

Relaxation abnormalities are prevalent in heart failure and contribute to clinical outcomes. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in heart failure delays relaxation by prolonging the intracellular Ca2+ transient. We sought to speed cardiac relaxation in vivo by cardiac-directed transgene expression of parvalbumin (Parv), a cytosolic Ca2+ buffer normally expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. A key...

Full-duplex wireless communication has the potential to double the capacity of wireless networks by reducing the band occupancy of transmissions. However, a full-duplex capability cannot always reduce the band occupancy because the real traffic is not fully buffered. Buffering time while waiting for a packet to arrive at an opposite node is expected to reduce the band occupancy. In this study, ...

Previous studies have implicated extracellular carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in buffering the alkaline pH shifts that accompany neuronal activity in the rat and mouse hippocampus. CAs IV and XIV both have been proposed to mediate this extracellular buffering. To examine the relative importance of these two isozymes in this and other physiological functions attributed to extracellular CAs, we produc...

Two major strategies are apparent for the regulation of gas transport by vertebrate blood except in the myxinoids, which seem to have little scope for such regulation. In lampreys and teleost fish, haemoglobins have low buffering capacities and large Bohr/Haldane effects. Na+/H+ exchange plays an important role in the control of haemoglobin oxygen-affinity in these vertebrate groups. The large ...

In this paper, the most appropriate buffer structure, page replacement policy and buffering scheme for closest pairs queries, where both spatial datasets are stored in R-trees, are investigated. Three buffer structures (i.e. single, hybrid and by levels) over two buffering schemes (i.e. local to each R-tree, and global to the query) using several page replacement algorithms (e.g. FIFO, LRU, 2Q,...

Canalization is a result of intrinsic developmental buffering that ensures phenotypic robustness under genetic variation and environmental perturbation. As a consequence, animal phenotypes are remarkably consistent within a species under a wide range of conditions, a property that seems contradictory to evolutionary change. Study of laboratory model species has uncovered several possible canali...