Frost heave, which is the volumetric expansion of frozen soil, has great ecological significance, since it creates water storage spaces in soils at the beginning of the growing season in cold temperate forests. To understand the characteristics of frost heave in seasonally frozen soil and the factors that impact its extent, we investigated the frost heave rates of forest soil from different dep...

The quantification of spatial heterogeneity can be used to examine the structure of ecological systems. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused severe vegetation damage. In addition to simply detecting change, the magnitude of changes must also be examined. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques were used to produce landscape maps before and after the earthquake and analyze the...

Viewed in terms of species diversity, the Southern Hemisphere conifer family Podocarpaceae is equivalent to its northern sister the Pinaceae. However, despite their similar age and common heritage these two families diverge strongly in morphology, physiology, and ecology. Both Pinaceae and Podocarpaceae are successful families of vascular plants, and in both cases this success has been built up...

We present a microhistological key for identification of plant fragments consumed and partially digested by free-roaming, forest cervids based on collection 92 species representing forage availability the Western Carpathian forests. The represents determination tool to facilitate analyses faecal ruminal material. summarized, integrated, developed current knowledge microstructures plants Cervida...