Virological breakthrough is a clinical manifestation in patients infected with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), who undergo treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NUCs). The current understanding of the underlying mechanism of virological breakthrough is limited. Ultra‑deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) is a novel and powerful tool used to investigate minor viral variants and viral evolution. The pres...

A laboratory-scale tracer test has been carried out to improve the characterization of the transport properties of the concrete from the Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility at El Cabril (Spain). High entry pressure was employed in order to perform the experiment in a reasonable time span. Lithium, bromide and deuterium were used as tracers. The conceptual model considered matrix diffusion betwe...

In July 2012, Congress passed the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA). The Advancing Breakthrough Therapies for Patients Act was incorporated into a Title of FDASIA to expedite clinical development of new, potential "breakthrough" drugs or treatments that show dramatic responses in early-phase studies. Using this regulatory pathway, once a promising new drug candidat...

background hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a serious public health problem in china and worldwide. mother-to-child transmission is one of hbv’s main transmission routes in highly endemic regions. genome-wide association studies (gwas) identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at hla loci as associated with hbv infection. however, the mechanisms of hbv perinatal transmission and break...

A dual-pathway theory to explain atrioventricular-nodal (AVN) reentry has been proposed previously. However, the exact anatomical and functional correlates of the fast pathway (FP) and slow pathway (SP) have not yet been elucidated. We used optical mapping to reconstruct patterns of activation during retrograde conduction through the AVN and during AVN reentry in the triangles of Koch of 12 rab...

Contamination of drinking water due to fluoride is a severe health hazard problem. Excess of fluoride (>1.5mg/l) in drinking water is harmful to the human health. Various treatment technologies for removing fluoride from groundwater have been investigated in the past. Present investigation aims to remove fluoride by activated alumina. Adsorption isotherm has been modeled by Langmuir equation an...

PNH is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease associated with a complementdependent hemolytic anemia. The disease manifests after the expansion of a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell that acquires a mutation of the PIGA gene. The PIGA gene product is required for the biosynthesis of glycophosphatidylinositol anchors, a glycolipid moiety that attaches dozens of proteins to the plasma membran...